INAAP P&E area site 63 supplemental phase II RCRA facility investigation report Sep 2005
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The final report volume I for propellant and explosives (P&E) area site 63 at Indiana Army Ammunition Plant of Supplemental Phase II RCRA facility investigation prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in September 2005.The United States federal government began acquiring land in Charlestown, Indiana in 1940 to build a smokeless powder ordnance plant to supply the US military during World War II. Indiana Ordnance Works (IOW) Plant 1 and Hoosier Ordnance Plant (HOP) began production in 1941. In 1944, IOW Plant 2 construction began. On 30 Nov 1945 at the end of WWII, the three plants were combined and renamed Indiana Arsenal. Between 1 Nov 1961 and 1 Aug 1963, the plant was designated Indiana Ordnance Plant. After this time, it became Indiana Army Ammunition Plant (INAAP). Production of ordnance continued at the plant until 1992. After that time, the land and facilities were leased to private industry. A large portion of the land became Charlestown State Park. In October 2016, all the land and facilities were officially sold by the government. This item is part of a larger collection of items from INAAP that are kept at Charlestown Library. F I N A L R E P O R TV O L U M E IP&E AREA – SITE 63INDIANA ARMY AMMUNITION PLANTSUPPLEMENTAL PHASE II RCRA FACILITYINVESTIGATIONPrepared forU.S. Army Corps of EngineersLouisville DistrictSeptember 2005Prepared by12120 Shamrock Plaza, Suite 300Omaha, Nebraska 68154TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume ISection Page\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA iExecutive Summary ......................................................................................................................... ES-1Section 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1-11.1 Report Organization.................................................................................1-21.2 Operational History and Waste Characteristics ....................................... 1-31.2.1 Single Base, Multi-Perforation Cannon Powder (Lines A, B,C, and D)...................................................................................... 1-31.2.2 Single Base, Single-Perforation Rifle & Cannon Powder(Lines E and F)............................................................................. 1-61.2.3 Ether Mixing And Manufacture, Alcohol Rectification,Activated Carbon Solvent Recovery, Scrap Rework, andSolvent Recovery Car Wash ........................................................ 1-81.2.4 Nitric and Mixed Acid Production Area...................................... 1-91.2.5 Organics Area – Nitrobenzene and Aniline Production .............. 1-91.2.6 Organics Area – Diphenylamine Production ............................. 1-101.2.7 Organics Area – Dimethylaniline Production............................ 1-101.2.8 Miscellaneous Process Buildings............................................... 1-101.2.9 Storage Tanks............................................................................. 1-111.2.10 Water Supply and Cooling......................................................... 1-111.2.11 Powerhouses .............................................................................. 1-111.2.12 Power Substations...................................................................... 1-121.2.13 Railroads .................................................................................... 1-121.2.14 Sewer Systems ........................................................................... 1-121.3 Previous Investigations ..........................................................................1-121.4 Chemicals and Associated Hazards ....................................................... 1-12Section 2 Field Activities Summary...............................................................................................2-12.1 Soil and Sediment Sampling.................................................................... 2-12.1.1 Surface Soil Sampling.................................................................. 2-12.1.2 Hand Auger Soil Boring Sampling .............................................. 2-32.1.3 Direct Push Soil Boring Sampling............................................... 2-32.1.4 Trench Soil Sampling .................................................................. 2-52.1.5 P&E Area Sediment Sampling..................................................... 2-62.2 Surface Water Sampling .......................................................................... 2-72.3 Groundwater Sampling ............................................................................2-72.4 Field Screening Summary........................................................................ 2-82.4.1 Organics Screening ...................................................................... 2-82.4.2 Sewer Manhole Screening ........................................................... 2-82.4.3 Mercury Screening....................................................................... 2-82.4.4 Lead Screening............................................................................. 2-82.4.5 PCB Screening............................................................................. 2-92.4.6 2,4-DNT Screening...................................................................... 2-92.4.7 Nitrocellulose Screening.............................................................. 2-92.5 IDW Disposition ....................................................................................2-10TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume ISection Page\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA iiSection 3 Physical Investigation Results......................................................................................3-13.1 Topography and Surface Features ........................................................... 3-13.2 Local Surficial Geology........................................................................... 3-13.3 Shallow Hydrogeology ............................................................................3-3Section 4 Data Quality Review and Validation..............................................................................4-14.1 Phase I RI................................................................................................. 4-14.2 Phase II RFI Field Screening ................................................................... 4-14.3 Phase II RFI ............................................................................................. 4-14.4 Supplemental Phase II RFI ...................................................................... 4-24.5 DNT Analytical Methods.........................................................................4-24.5.1 Off-site Method Evaluation ......................................................... 4-24.5.2 On-site / Off-site Method Evaluation .......................................... 4-3Section 5 Chemical Investigation Results.....................................................................................5-15.1 On-site chemical Investigation Results.................................................... 5-15.1.1 Phase II RFI On-Site Results ....................................................... 5-25.1.2 Supplemental Phase II RFI On-Site Results ................................ 5-25.2 Off-site chemical Investigation Results ................................................... 5-3Section 6 Preliminary Contamination Assessment and Risk Screen .........................................6-16.1 The Chemistry of Nitrocellulose and Smokeless Powder Production..... 6-16.2 The Chemistry of Diphenylamine and Dimethylamine Production ........ 6-16.3 Risk Screen Process .................................................................................6-36.4 Near Surface Soil Samples....................................................................... 6-46.4.1 VOCs............................................................................................ 6-46.4.2 SVOCs ......................................................................................... 6-56.4.3 Pesticides/PCBs ........................................................................... 6-66.4.4 Nitroaromatics/Nitramines........................................................... 6-66.4.5 TPH – Diesel Fraction ................................................................. 6-76.4.6 Metals and Cyanide...................................................................... 6-76.4.7 Preliminary Assessment of Near Surface Soil ............................. 6-76.5 Subsurface Soil Samples.......................................................................... 6-96.5.1 VOCs............................................................................................ 6-96.5.2 SVOCs ....................................................................................... 6-106.5.3 Nitroaromatics/Nitramines......................................................... 6-106.5.4 Metals......................................................................................... 6-116.5.5 Preliminary Assessment of Subsurface Soil .............................. 6-116.6 P&E Area Sediments ............................................................................. 6-126.6.1 VOCs.......................................................................................... 6-136.6.2 SVOCs ....................................................................................... 6-136.6.3 Nitroaromatics/Nitramines......................................................... 6-136.6.4 Metals......................................................................................... 6-136.6.5 Preliminary Assessment for P&E Area Sediments.................... 6-146.7 P&E Area Sewers .................................................................................. 6-14TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume ISection Page\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA iii6.7.1 VOCs.......................................................................................... 6-156.7.2 SVOCs ....................................................................................... 6-156.7.3 Nitroaromatics/Nitramines......................................................... 6-156.7.4 Nitrocellulose............................................................................. 6-156.7.5 Mercury...................................................................................... 6-166.7.6 P&E Area Sewer Assessment .................................................... 6-166.8 Surface Water.........................................................................................6-166.8.1 VOCs.......................................................................................... 6-166.8.2 SVOCs ....................................................................................... 6-176.8.3 Nitroaromatics/Nitramines......................................................... 6-176.8.4 PCBs .......................................................................................... 6-176.8.5 Metals......................................................................................... 6-176.8.6 Preliminary Assessment for Surface Water ............................... 6-186.9 Groundwater ..........................................................................................6-186.9.1 VOCs.......................................................................................... 6-186.9.2 SVOCs ....................................................................................... 6-196.9.3 Nitroaromatics/Nitramines......................................................... 6-196.9.4 Metals......................................................................................... 6-196.9.5 Preliminary Assessment of Groundwater .................................. 6-196.10 PCB, Lead and Mercury Target Areas................................................... 6-206.10.1 PCBs .......................................................................................... 6-206.10.2 Lead............................................................................................ 6-216.10.3 Mercury...................................................................................... 6-216.11 Risk Screen/Preliminary Contamination Assessment Summary ........... 6-22Section 7 Human Health Risk Assessment Process....................................................................7-17.1 Introduction..............................................................................................7-17.2 COPC Identification for P&E Area Subdivisions.................................... 7-17.3 Exposure Assessment...............................................................................7-27.3.1 Exposure Point Concentrations.................................................... 7-27.3.1.1 95% Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) ........................... 7-27.3.2 Deer Tissue Concentration........................................................... 7-47.4 Receptors..................................................................................................7-67.5 Exposure Pathways ..................................................................................7-77.6 Exposure Assumptions.............................................................................7-87.7 Toxicity Assessment ..............................................................................7-107.7.1 Toxicity Assessment of Non-carcinogenic Effects.................... 7-107.7.2 Toxicity Assessment of Carcinogenic Effects ........................... 7-127.7.3 Source of the Critical Toxicity Values....................................... 7-147.8 Risk Characterization.............................................................................7-147.9 Uncertainty Analysis..............................................................................7-157.9.1 Data Collection and Evaluation ................................................. 7-167.9.1.1 Data Collection ........................................................... 7-167.9.1.2 Data Evaluation........................................................... 7-167.9.2 Exposure Assessment................................................................. 7-17TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume ISection Page\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA iv7.9.3 Toxicity Assessment .................................................................. 7-177.9.4 Risk Characterization................................................................. 7-18Section 8 Ecological Risk Assessment Process .......................................................................... 8-18.1 Introduction..............................................................................................8-18.1.1 Purpose......................................................................................... 8-28.1.2 Background.................................................................................. 8-28.1.3 Technical Approach..................................................................... 8-38.2 Screening Level Ecological Risk Screen ................................................. 8-48.2.1 Habitat Assessment and Applicable Media ................................. 8-48.2.2 Identification of Chemicals of Potential Ecological Concern(COPECs) .................................................................................... 8-48.2.2.1 Environmental Screening Values for Soil-AssociatedOrganisms and Chemicals of Potential Ecological Concern ....... 8-58.2.2.2 Environmental Screening Values for Tetrapod Vertebratesand Chemicals of Potential Ecological Concern.......................... 8-68.3 Tier II Ecological Risk Assessment......................................................... 8-88.3.1 Problem Formulation ................................................................... 8-88.3.1.1 Exposure Assessment.................................................. 8-108.3.1.2 Toxicity (Effects) Assessment .................................... 8-148.3.2 Analysis Plan ............................................................................. 8-168.3.2.1 Measurement Endpoints and Receptors of Concern... 8-168.3.2.2 Toxicity Reference Values for Risk Characterization 8-22Section 9 Isolated COPC Assessment...........................................................................................9-19.1 Isolated COPC Subdivision Assessment ................................................. 9-19.1.1 Subdivision G............................................................................... 9-19.1.2 Subdivision H............................................................................... 9-29.1.3 Subdivision I ................................................................................ 9-39.1.4 Subdivision J................................................................................ 9-4Section 10 References .................................................................................................................... 10-1TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IList of Tables\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA vTable 1-1 Chemicals Used and ManufacturedTable 2-1 Summary of P&E Area Samples for Chemical AnalysisTable 2-2 Summary of Field Screening For Organic Vapors in Soil SamplesTable 3-1 Summary of Direct Push Boring DescriptionsTable 3-2 Summary of Trenching DescriptionsTable 3-3 Summary of Borings and Trenches – Groundwater EncounteredTable 3-4 Water Levels in Site 90 Monitoring Wells Located in the P&E AreaTable 4-1 Summary of Rejected DataTable 5-1 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Subsurface Soil Samples, TrenchSampling LocationsTable 5-2 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Near Surface Soil SamplesTable 5-3 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Subsurface Soil SamplesTable 5-4 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Surface Soil Samples, PCB SamplingPointsTable 5-5 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Surface Soil Samples, Lead SamplingPointsTable 5-6 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Surface and Subsurface Soil Samples,Mercury Containing Equipment & Storage AreasTable 5-7 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Sediment Samples, P&E AreaDrainagesTable 5-8 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Sewer Sediment Samples, IndustrialWaste Sewer ManholesTable 5-9 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Surface Water SamplesTable 5-10 Summary of Chemicals Detected in Groundwater SamplesTable 5-11 On-site and Off-site Analytical Results Collected from the Single Base,Multi-Perforation Cannon Powder Line BTable 5-12 On-site and Off-site Analytical Results Collected from the Single Base,Single-Perforation Rifle and Cannon Powder Line ETable 5-13 On-site and Off-site 2,4-DNT Analytical Results, Supplemental Phase IIRFITable 5-14 On-site and Off-site Analytical Results Collected from the Process WasteSewer ManholesTable 5-15 On-site and Off-site Analytical Results Collected from the PCB SamplingPointsTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IList of Tables\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA viTable 6-1 Site-wide COPC IdentificationTable 7-1 USEPA Weight of Evidence Carcinogenic Classification of ChemicalsTable 8-1 Chemicals Selected as Chemicals of Potential Ecological Concern andToxicity Reference Values for Direct Ecological Exposure to Soils WithinSite 63Table 8-2 Oral Toxicity Reference Values Selected for Indirect Exposures (FoodWeb) to Chemicals of Potential Ecological ConcernTable 8-3 Chemicals Selected as Chemicals of Potential Ecological Concern and RiskBased Concentration Values for Indirect (Food Web) Ecological Exposuresto Soil Within Site 63Table 8-4 Physical and Behavioral Characteristics of Representative Species Selectedas Receptors of ConcernTable 8-5 Assumed Dietary Compositions for the Representative Receptors ofConcern (ROCs)TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IList of Figures\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA viiFigure 1-1 Site Location MapFigure 1-2 Surface Features MapFigure 1-3 Propellant Manufacturing General Process Flow DiagramFigure 2-1 Sample Location MapFigure 2-2 Sample Location Map – Grids A1-C4Figure 2-3 Sample Location Map – Grids A5-C8Figure 2-4 Sample Location Map – Grids A9-C12Figure 2-5 Sample Location Map – Grids D1-F4Figure 2-6 Sample Location Map – Grids D5-F8Figure 2-7 Sample Location Map – Grids D9-F12Figure 2-8 Sample Location Map – Grids D13-F16Figure 2-9 Sample Location Map – Grids F16-H18Figure 2-10 Sample Location Map – Grids G1-I3Figure 2-11 Sample Location Map – Grids G4-I7Figure 2-12 Sample Location Map – Grids G8-I11Figure 2-13 Sample Location Map – Grids J13-L15Figure 3-1 Locations of Geologic Cross-SectionsFigure 3-2 Geologic Cross-Section A-A’, Shallow OverburdenFigure 3-3 Geologic Cross-Section B-B’, Shallow OverburdenFigure 3-4 Geologic Cross-Section C-C’, Shallow OverburdenFigure 3-5 Geologic Cross-Section D-D’, Bedrock StratigraphyFigure 3-6 Geologic Cross-Section E-E’, Bedrock StratigraphyFigure 3-7 Geologic Cross-Section F-F’, Bedrock StratigraphyFigure 6-1 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids A1-B2Figure 6-2 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids A3-B4Figure 6-3 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids A5-B6Figure 6-4 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids A7-B8Figure 6-5 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids A9-B9Figure 6-6 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids A10-B11Figure 6-7 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids C1-D2Figure 6-8 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids C3-C4Figure 6-9 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids C5-C6TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IList of Figures\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA viiiFigure 6-10 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids C7-C9Figure 6-11 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D3-E3Figure 6-12 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D4Figure 6-13 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D5-D6Figure 6-14 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids E4-E6 & F6-F7Figure 6-15 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D7-E7Figure 6-16 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D8-E8Figure 6-17 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D9-F10Figure 6-18 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D11-F12Figure 6-19 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids D13-F16Figure 6-20 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids F16-G18Figure 6-21 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids E1-F3Figure 6-22 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids G1-H4Figure 6-23 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids G5-H7Figure 6-24 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids G8-I12Figure 6-25 Concentrations of Chemicals Detected – Grids J13-K16Figure 6-26 Assessment Areas – P&E AreaFigure 8-1 Ecological Evaluation Process for Site 63 – P&E AreaFigure 8-2 Conceptual Ecological Exposure (Direct and Food Web) ModelFigure 9-1 Sample Location Map, Subdivision GFigure 9-2 Sample Location Map, Subdivision HFigure 9-3 Sample Location Map, Subdivision IFigure 9-4 Sample Location Map, Subdivision JTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IList of Appendices\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA ixAppendix A Data Quality Review and ValidationAppendix B Human Health Risk Statistics and CalculationsAppendix C Field Screening Raw DataAppendix D Boring and Trench LogsAppendix E Sample Collection Field SheetsAppendix F Summary of Analytical DataNote: Information contained in the Appendices is included in CD-ROM format. The CD-ROMmay be found at the back of this binder.TABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IAcronym List\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA xACHe AcetylcholinesteraseADI Acceptable Daily IntakeADNTs Amino-dinitrotoluenesATP Adenosine TriphosphateAE Assessment EndpointAEC U.S. Army Environmental CenterAET Apparent Effect LevelsALAD Alpha-aminolevulinic Acid DehydrogeuaseAOP Ammonia Oxidation PlantAPCB Jefferson County Air Pollution Control BoardAQUIRE Aquatic Information Retrieval System.AST Aboveground Storage TankASTER Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of RiskATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registrybgs Below Ground SurfaceBA BioavailabilityBCFs Bioconcentration FactorsBRAC Base Re-Alignment and ClosureBSAFs Biota-Sediment Accumulation FactorsBTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, XylenesBTFs Biota Transfer FactorsBtu British Thermal UnitBW Body WeightCERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability ActCDI Chronic Daily IntakeCLP Contract Laboratory ProgramCMS Corrective Measures StudyCOC Chemicals of ConcernCOI Chemical of InterestCOPC Chemicals of Potential ConcernCOPEC Chemicals of Potential Ecological ConcernTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IAcronym List\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA xiCRDL Contract Required Detection LimitCRQL Contract Required Quantitation LimitCSP Charlestown State ParkCTE Central Tendency ExposureCTV Critical Toxicity ValueDAF Dilution Attenuation FactorDBT Dibutyl phthalateDDD dichlorodiphenyldiehlorethaneDDE 4, 4 DDEDDT 1, 1’ (2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]DERP Defense Environmental Restoration ProgramDNA Deoxyribonucleic acidDOD Department of DefenseDQCR Daily Quality Control ReportDQO Data Quality ObjectiveDS Direct Push SoilDW Direct Push WaterEECs Environmental Exposure ConcentrationsEEQ Environment Exposure QuotientEM ElectromagneticUSEPA U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyEPC Exposure Point ConcentrationEQP Equilibrium-PartitioningERA Ecological Risk AssessmentERAGS Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for SuperfundERL Effects – Range – LowERM Effects – Range – MediumERT Emergency Response TeamESV Ecological Screening ValueFC Fraction IngestedFSP Field Sampling PlanTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IAcronym List\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA xiiGABA Gamma-aminobutyric AcidGOCO Government-Owned, Contractor-Operatedgpm gallons per minuteGPR Ground Penetrating RadarHEAST Health Effects Assessment Summary TablesHHRA Human Health Risk AssessmentHI Hazard IndexHMW High Molecular WeightHQ Hazard QuotientHSA hollow-stem augerHSDB Hazardous Substance DatabaseICI ICI Americas, Inc.ID inner diameterIDEM Indiana Department of Environmental ManagementIDL Instrument Detection LimitIDNR Indiana Department Natural ResourcesIEUBK Integrated Exposure Uptake BiokineticINAAP Indiana Army Ammunition PlantIRIS Integrated Risk Information SystemIWPCB Indiana Water Pollution Control BoardIWQC Indiana Water Quality CriteriaJ/UJ Qualified Estimated / Estimated Non-detectKg KilogramL/day Liter per dayLAP Load, Assemble, and PackLC LeachateLMW Low Molecular WeightLOAEL Lowest to Observed Adverse Effects LevelLOEC Lowest Observation Effect concentrationsLOQ Limits of QuantitationMATC Maximum Acceptable Toxicant ConcentrationTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IAcronym List\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA xiiiMCL Maximum Contaminant LevelME Measurement Endpointmg/day milligrams per daymg/kg milligram per kilogrammg/m3 milligram per cubic meterMS/MSD Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike DuplicateMSL Mean Sea LevelMW Monitoring WellNAC/SAC Nitric Acid Concentrator / Sulfuric Acid Concentrator HousesNCEA National Center for Environmental AssessmentNFA No Further ActionNIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and HealthNOAEL No Observable Adverse Effects LevelNOD Notice of DeficiencyNPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination SystemOD outside diameterORNL Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOSHA Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationOSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency ResponseP&E Propellants and ExplosivesPA Preliminary AssessmentPAH Polynuclear Aromatic HydrocarbonPCB Polychlorinated BiphenylPEL Probable – Effects – Levelppm parts per millionPRG Preliminary Remediation GoalsPVC Polyvinyl ChlorideQA Quality AssuranceQAPP Quality Assurance Project PlanQC Quality Control“R” RejectedTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IAcronym List\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA xivRAGS Risk Assessment Guidance for SuperfundRBC Risk-Based ConcentrationRCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery ActRDA Recommended Daily AllowanceRfD Reference DoseRFD-I Reference Inhalation DoseRFI RCRA Facility InvestigationRI Remedial InvestigationRISC Risk Integrated System of ClosureRME Recommended Maximum ExposureRNA Ribonucleic acidROC Receptor of ConcernSAP Sampling and Analysis PlanSARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization ActSB Soil BoringSCEM Site Conceptual Exposure ModelSCFS Sample Collection Field SheetsSD SedimentSF-SH Slope Factor-Sulfhydryl ligandsSOP Standard Operating ProcedureSP SpringSS Shallow SoilSVOC Semivolatile Organic ChemicalsSW Surface WaterSWQC Surface Water Quality CriteriaTAL Target Analyte ListTCL Target Compound ListTCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching ProcedureTDS Total Dissolved SolidsTEL Threshold – Effects – LevelTNT TrinitrotouleneTABLE OF CONTENTS – Volume IAcronym List\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA xvToxNet Toxicity Data NetworkTPH Total Petroleum HydrocarbonsTRV Toxicity Reference ValueTSS Total Suspended Solids“U” Qualified Non-detectμg/kg microgram per kilogramμg/L microgram per Literμg/m3 microgram per cubic meterUCL Upper Confidence LimitURSGWC URS Greiner Woodward ClydeUSACE U.S. Army Corps of EngineersUSATHAMA U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials AgencyUSCS Unified Soil Classification SystemUSDA U.S. Department of AgricultureUSGS U.S. Geologic SurveyUST Underground Storage TankUTL Upper Tolerance LimitVOC Volatile Organic ChemicalsW-C Woodward-ClydeExecutive Summary P&E Area, Site 63, Phase II RFI\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA ES-1The following includes the results of the Supplemental Phase II RCRA Facility Investigation(RFI) completed at the Propellants and Explosives (P&E) Area (Site 63) at the Indiana ArmyAmmunition Plant (INAAP). The report also summarizes the results of the previously completedPhase I Remedial Investigation (RI) (W-C 1998), Preliminary Characterization Study(URSGWC 2001), Phase II RFI Field Screening (URS 2001), and Phase II RFI (URS 2003b).INAAP currently encompasses approximately 9,790 acres in south-central Clark County,Indiana. Its southern boundary is approximately 6 miles north of Jeffersonville, Indiana and 10miles from the Louisville, Kentucky metropolitan area, which lies to the south across the OhioRiver. INAAP is an inactive military industrial installation. The Army intends to transfer theproperty to the Local Reuse Authority for commercial development or to the State of Indiana forinclusion in the state park system.The Plant was originally constructed as three separate facilities: The Indiana Ordnance WorksPlant 1, the Hoosier Ordnance Plant, and the Indiana Ordnance Works Plant 2. The threefacilities were consolidated into the Indiana Arsenal in 1945. The Indiana Arsenal wasredesignated as the Indiana Ordnance Plant in 1961; in August 1963 it was redesignated again asthe Indiana Army Ammunition Plant.Topography at INAAP can be described as a middle-aged karst topography. Karst topography isproduced by the dissolution of limestone, gypsum, or other readily soluble rocks, commonlyalong joints, fractures, bedding planes, or other such features. The dissolution process results inthe formation of sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Numerous sinkholes and springsare found throughout much of INAAP.Approximately 96 percent of INAAP’s land surface drains directly into the Ohio River via sevendrainage basins. The remaining 4 percent reaches the Ohio River indirectly through the PheasantRun basin.Groundwater at INAAP is present in the bedrock formations of the upland areas and in theterrace/floodplain sand and gravel deposits located within the Ohio River valley. Thegroundwater present in the floodplain aquifer along the Ohio River is a major water supplysource. Groundwater is not usually found in the thin soil layer covering the bedrock surface inthe upland areas. When present, shallow groundwater typically mingles with surface water byflowing in and out of karst features.The P&E Area was a single-base propellant manufacturing facility that was operationalintermittently from 1941 to 1970. The major process areas included two acid manufacturingareas, six nitrocellulose manufacturing and purification areas, and six propellant manufacturingand finishing areas. Major support areas that may present environmental concerns include adiphenylamine manufacturing (organics) area, a variety of non-petroleum aboveground storagetanks, two coal-burning power plants, and an extensive railroad system.The P&E Area is situated in an Upland area characterized by karst topography associated withshallow limestone bedrock. The surface of the site is relatively flat, with an elevation that rangesfrom about 600 to 620 feet above mean seal level (MSL) (USGS 1993a). The surface cover atthe site consists of numerous structures related to activities at the P&E Area, asphalt accessExecutive Summary P&E Area, Site 63, Phase II RFI\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA ES-2roads, railroad tracks, gravel, and vegetation. In general, the structures at the site are surroundedby gravel. Vegetation consists of grasses, weeds, and trees. The site is located within the JennyLind Run drainage basin. The majority of the surface water drains through ditches and culvertsor sheet flows to the Jenny Lind Run. The surface water that enters the Jenny Lind Run flows tothe Process Waste Settling Basin (Site 6), then into Jenny Lind Pond (Site 25), before ultimatelyentering the Ohio River.In 2002, the United States Army Operation Support Command (OSC) recommended thermaldecomposition for approximately 80% of the P&E Area buildings (see the P&E Area Phase IIRFI Field Sampling Plan – URS, 2002). Thermal decomposition was recommended to reducethe potential hazards and risks associated with nitrocellulose fines deposited in and aroundproduction line buildings. The process of thermal decomposition in the production line buildingswas expected to change the nature and extent of potential environmental contaminants in nearsurface soils around the buildings. Therefore, the collection of near surface soil samples in andaround production line buildings was suspended during the 2002 field sampling event. However,prior to the Supplemental Phase II RFI field sampling event (July-August 2003), the Armyindicated thermal decomposition of the P&E Area buildings would not take place until 2005 orlater. Subsequently the USACE, in consultation with the Army, Base Realignment and Closure(BRAC) and URS, decided to fully characterize the P&E Area, including surface soils aroundproduction line buildings.The Phase I RI, Phase II RFI Field Screening, Phase II RFI, and Supplemental Phase II RFIinvestigations at the P&E Area included the collection and off-site analysis of 964 surface andsubsurface soil samples, six sewer sediment samples, 22 drainage sediment samples, 27 surfacewater samples, and 29 groundwater samples over the approximately 1,100-acre site located in thewestern part of INAAP. Off-site chemical analysis included volatile organic compounds(VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), nitroaromatic/nitramine compounds,nitrocellulose, pesticides/polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, cyanide, total petroleumhydrocarbons (TPH), and various wet chemistry parameters. On-site field screening analysiswas also completed on six sewer sediment samples and on 2354 surface and subsurface soilsamples collected during the three RFI investigations. The on-site field screening includedanalysis for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), nitrocellulose, and PCBs.Overall, based on the data collected to date, contamination within the P&E Area appears to begenerally low level but widespread, with isolated areas of elevated concentrations. Apreliminary contamination assessment and risk screen was completed for near surface andsubsurface soil, sewer sediment, drainage sediment, surface water and groundwater. Thepreliminary risk screen identified ten organic and seven inorganic contaminants of potentialconcern (COPCs) in all media screened. Out of this COPC list, a set of primary COPCs(dinitrotoluenes, diphenylamine (N-nitrosodiphenylamine), benzo(a)pyrene andtetrachloroethylene) was defined based on frequency of detection and general encompassment ofthe remaining COPCs. These primary COPCs were used to subdivide the P&E Area into threecategories, areas for no further action (NFA), areas with isolated COPC detections, and areas foradditional evaluation. The portions of the P&E Area identified for isolated COPC detections oradditional evaluation were subsequently identified as subdivisions of the P&E Area, and thesesubdivisions were labeled with letter designations A through J.Executive Summary P&E Area, Site 63, Phase II RFI\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA ES-3The NFA portions of the P&E Area, where no COPCs were identified as part of the RCRAfacility investigations, require no further evaluation. The subdivisions with isolated COPCdetections, identified as P&E Area Subdivisions G, H, I and J, include an isolated area (orbuilding) with a single or isolated set of COPC detections. These areas include an evaluation forhuman health risk by calculating exposure point concentrations (EPCs), which are used toevaluate the Reasonable Maximum Exposure (RME) scenario. Subdivisions G, H, I and J arenot evaluated in the ecological context due to the industrialized nature of their location within theP&E Area. The areas for additional evaluation, identified as P&E Area Subdivisions A throughF, are addressed individually in P&E Area Supplemental RFI Volumes II through VII, and eachinclude a human health risk assessment (HHRA). Subdivisions D, E and F also include anecological risk evaluation due to their proximity to viable ecological habitat; however,Subdivisions A, B and C are not evaluated in the ecological context as they are located in theindustrialized portion of the P&E Area.The following generalized recommendations for the P&E Area assessments were based on theresults of the Phase I RI, the Preliminary Characterization Study, the Phase II RFI FieldScreening, the Phase II RFI, and the Supplemental Phase II RFI completed in the P&E Area.These recommendations only address those portions of the P&E Area that have beeninvestigated. The recommendations include those made based on previous findings (e.g. thePhase II RFI Report [URS 2003b]), and additional recommendations based on the results ofhuman health and ecological risk assessments, where warranted.• No further investigation is recommended specifically for the powerhouses. No potentialcontamination was identified at levels of concern in the immediate areas surrounding thepowerhouses.• No further investigation is recommended for the areas surrounding the laboratories. Resultsindicate that no contamination is present at levels of concern outside the laboratories;however, samples should be collected from the basement areas of the laboratories to confirmprevious remediation efforts.• No further investigation is recommended for the areas surrounding the PCB containingequipment. No potential contamination was identified at levels of concern in the immediateareas surrounding this equipment.• Only six of 41 industrial waste sewer manholes inspected contained sediment. However, thepipes between manholes have not been evaluated. It will most likely be more cost effectiveto clean the sewers with a jet spray of water than it will be to investigate the sewers.• No further action is recommended for the largely industrialized portions of the P&E Areawhere no COPCs were identified as part of the RCRA facility investigations. However,physical hazards may still be present in the form of ignitability from nitrocellulose,propellant, ether, and alcohol, and inhalation hazards from asbestos containing material.• No further investigation is recommended specifically for the sampling and analysis of leadcontamination. Although lead-based paint contamination could be an issue within the P&EArea, the source remains (i.e., weathered paint on buildings and storage tanks) and the rangeof concentrations has been determined. Additionally, the proposed thermal decomposition ofthe P&E Area buildings could impact the lead contamination in close proximity to theExecutive Summary P&E Area, Site 63, Phase II RFI\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA ES-4buildings; therefore, further investigation of the lead contamination from lead-based paintshould be performed once the thermal decomposition processes have been completed.• No further action is recommended for P&E Area Subdivisions A through E. Data ofsufficient quality and quantity to characterize these P&E Area Subdivisions has beencollected.• At P&E Area Subdivision F, the following recommendations were made:1. Further investigation of the purple stained soil in the Former Organics Area should beperformed to determine the nature and extent of risk, and/or a possible removal action ofthe purple soil should be performed.2. An isolated drainage sample with dinitrotoluene, located approximately 200 feet north ofWalnut Street, is located upstream from potential gray bat habitat identified as a part ofthe corrective measures for the P&E Area Flume (Site 54). Collocated surface water andsediment samples will be collected within this drainage as a part of the P&E Area Flumecorrective measures and Installation Groundwater (Site 90) monitoring programs.Additional information from these monitoring programs will be used to determine iffurther action is warranted with respect to the isolated drainage sample.3. The encrusted powder-like residue, collected from wheeled carts located inside the DNTScreen House (Building 205-1), is a potential source of 2,4-DNT and should be removedfrom the DNT Screen House.• No further action is recommended for P&E Area Subdivisions G, H, and I. The calculatedEPCs indicated no human health risks were associated with the isolated COPC areas andthese isolated subdivisions, due to their industrialized nature and future land use restrictions,are not relevant in the context of ecological concerns.• At P&E Area Subdivision J, considering the potential risks identified for the site worker,further definition of the surrounding soils and/or a potential ‘hotspot’ removal may bewarranted in order to eliminate the isolated detection from further consideration.IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-1The Propellant and Explosives (P&E)Area (Site 63) occupiesapproximately 1,100 acres in thewestern part of INAAP (see Figure1-1). The P&E Area is bordered by:• North – Administration Area,North Ash Settling Basin (Site 3),Old Landfill (Site 1), and fields ofgrass and weeds• South – woodlands, ProcessWaste Settling Basin (Site 6), andsouthwest corner of RailShiphouse Area (Site 65)• East – Rail Shiphouse Area (Site65) and field of grass and weeds• West – Highway 62 and the INAAP property lineThe P&E Area was a single-base propellant manufacturing facility that was operationalintermittently from 1941 to 1970. The major process areas included two acid manufacturingareas, six nitrocellulose manufacturing and purification areas, and six propellant manufacturingand finishing areas. Major support areas that may present environmental concerns include adiphenylamine manufacturing (organics) area, a variety of non-petroleum aboveground storagetanks, two coal-burning powerhouses, laboratories, and an extensive railroad system.Manufacturing, storage, transport, and support facilities located within the boundaries of theP&E Area that were not addressed as separate sites were included as part of this investigation.The following 18 sites located within the P&E Area were investigated as separate sites (seeFigure 1-1):• Site 4 – South Ash Settling Basin• Site 5 – Aniline Pond• Site 7 – Building 714-18: Storage Shed• Site 9 – Building 722-23: PCB Storage Building• Site 10 – P&E Area Sewage Treatment Plant• Site 16 – P&E Area Neutralization Facility• Site 19 – Salvage Yard• Site 20 – Caustic Cleaning Facility• Site 23 – P&E Area Sinkhole• Site 32 – Building 706-3: Laboratory• Site 35 – Building 706-1: LaboratoryIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-2• Site 36 – Building 228-1: Ballistics Laboratory• Site 53 – Building 104-3: Cotton Dry House• Site 54 – P&E Area Flume• Site 62 – Building 706-4: Stability Laboratory• Site 70 – Building 706-2: Acid Area Analytical Laboratory• Site 72 – Former USTs 716-2 and 718• Site 81 – Building 707-5: Pesticide Storage• Ten of the 18 sites listed above were approved for NFA. These ten sites include Sites 7, 10,16, 20, 23, 35, 53, 70, 72, and 81.1.1 REPORT ORGANIZATIONThis Supplemental Phase II RFI report is organized as follows:Volume I (General P&E Area):• Section 1 – Introduction• Section 2 – Field Activities Summary• Section 3 – Physical Investigation Results: Reviews site topography, local surficial geology,and shallow hydrogeology• Section 4 – Data Quality Review and Validation: Summarizes the results of the 100 percentquality control (QC) review and the ten percent full validation• Section 5 – Chemical Investigation Results: Identifies the chemical analyses used and fieldduplicate samples collected; summarizes the sample detections by sample identificationnumber and matrix type in tabular form• Section 6 – Preliminary Contamination Assessment and Risk Screen: Presents an evaluation,both in text and on figures, of chemicals present at the site in elevated concentrations bymatrix and chemical group, outlines the risk screening process, and determines the chemicalsof potential concern (COPCs) for the entire P&E Area.• Section 7 – Human Health Risk Assessment Process: Presents an overview of the humanhealth risk assessment process for the P&E Area.• Section 8 – Ecological Risk Assessment Process: Presents an overview of the ecological riskassessment process for the ecologically relevant portions of the P&E Area.• Section 9 – Isolated COPC Assessment: Presents an assessment of the potential humanhealth and ecological risks for isolated COPC detections in the P&E Area.• Section 10 – ReferencesVolume IA (General P&E Area):• Detected Chemical Results Tables – All P&E Area SamplesIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-3Volume II (Subdivision A) through Volume VII (Subdivision F):• Section 1 – Introduction• Section 2 – Sample and Analytical Summary: Summarizes the samples collected andanalyses performed, the contamination assessment, and the risk screen for the P&E Areasubdivisions• Section 3 – Human Health Risk Evaluation: Presents a human health risk evaluation of theCOPCs for the P&E Area subdivisions• Section 4 – Ecological Risk Evaluation• Section 5 – Summary and Recommendations: Includes a summary and recommendations forthe P&E Area subdivisions based on the risk evaluationsFor additional information regarding the rationale for and the objectives of the SupplementalPhase II RFI, refer to the Supplemental Phase II RFI Field Sampling Plan (FSP) (URS 2003d).1.2 OPERATIONAL HISTORY AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICSDescriptions of propellant manufacturing and the various other processes and infrastructure thatwere integral to the operation of the P&E Area are described in the following subsections.Section 1.1.1 addresses production at the Multi-Perforation Cannon Powder Lines and Section1.1.2 addresses production at the Single-Perforation Cannon Powder Lines. Sections 1.1.3through 1.1.14 describe the other processes and infrastructure that were located in the P&E Area.Table 1-1 identifies a list of chemicals used and manufactured in the P&E Area during INAAP’soperational period. Additionally, Figure 1-2 (Surface Features Map) shows process buildinglocations and organization of the P&E Area. For further information, the P&E Area PreliminaryCharacterization Study (URSGWC, June 2001) provides more detail on the variousmanufacturing processes that took place at INAAP.1.2.1 Single Base, Multi-Perforation Cannon Powder (Lines A, B, C, and D)1. Bales of cotton linters and rolls of wood pulp for nitration were stored in the Raw MaterialsWarehouses, Buildings 101-1 through -4. At one time, rolls of wood pulp were stored in theD and C Line Houses. Jitneys carried the cotton and wood pulp from storage to the CottonDry Houses and Wood Pulp Dry Houses, respectively.2. Cotton was un-bailed, shredded in the picker roll, dried, and weighed in the Cotton DryHouses, Buildings 104-1 through -4. The dried cotton was weighed into 19-lb. cans for high-gradenitrocellulose (13.35 to 13.45% N) or 35-lb. cans for pyrocellulose (12.5 to 12.7% N),before being transported on the Nitrating House Conveyor, Buildings 103-1 through -4, tothe third floor of the Nitrating House.Alternately, wood pulp was unrolled, dried, shredded, collected by a cyclone collector, andweighed in the Wood Pulp Dry Houses, Buildings 122-1 through -4. The shredded woodpulp was weighed into 24-lb. cans for high-grade nitrocellulose or 42-lb. cans forpyrocellulose, before being transported on the to the third floor of the Nitrating House.IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-43. Cotton and wood pulp (cellulose) was nitrated with mixed acids in the Nitrating Houses,Buildings 105-1 through -4. Nitrating acids were received from the Nitrocellulose (N/C)Tank Farm and Warming Houses, Buildings 102-1 through -3. Cellulose was dumped fromthe conveyor into the dipping pot, containing the proper amount of acid. The acid nitratedthe cellulose for a specified time at a specified temperature. Some cellulose was nitrated topyrocellulose and the remainder was more fully nitrated to form high-grade nitrocellulose.After nitration, the contents of the pot were wrung to remove spent acid. The nitrocelluloseslurry was then pumped to the Boiling Tub Houses.Spent nitrating acids from the wringer and a vapor recovery system were pumped to theSpent Acid Filter Houses, Buildings 106-1 through –4, before it was pumped back to the 102Tank Farm.4. Most impurities (such as degraded cellulose) were removed by a series of long treatmentswith boiling water in the Boiling Tub Houses, Buildings 108-1 through -4. Decanted watercontaining acid and impurities was passed through “Save-All Tanks”, Buildings 120-1through –4, which recovered some nitrocellulose and passed sour water to the process wastesewer.5. Nitrocellulose was pulped using Jordan engines and liberated acid was neutralized with sodaash in the Pulping Houses, Buildings 109-1 through -4. (Note: According to Tecumsehpersonnel, Building 109-4 was destroyed by fire from a lightning strike in the late 1990s.)The pulped nitrocellulose was pumped into an observation tank for sampling before beingpumped to the Poacher Tub House. White water removed during pulping was pumped to theSave-All Tanks.6. In the Poacher Tub Houses, Buildings 112-1 through -4, nitrocellulose was repeatedlydigested in agitated, hot, slightly alkaline water. White water was decanted from thenitrocellulose slurry; packer screens then separated large, improperly pulped particles fromnitrocellulose of the desired consistency. The screened slurry was next pumped to the FinalBlend and Wringer Houses. White water from the Poacher Tub Houses was pumped to theSave-All Tanks.7. Pyrocellulose and high-grade nitrocellulose were blended in the Final Blend and WringerHouses, Buildings 113-1 through -4, to produce the desired nitrogen content of 13.15%±0.05% and yield a better colloid. About 70% of the water in the slurry was removed bycentrifugal action in the wringer. The wringer water was pumped to the Save-All Tanks.The bottom of the wringer was opened and the nitrocellulose dropped through a chute intothe nitrocellulose cars where the contents were sampled.8. Wet nitrocellulose was temporarily stored in nitrocellulose cars in Nitrocellulose LagStorage, Buildings 201-1 through -4. The storage buildings each contained six sets ofrailroad tracks and could accommodate 36 cars.9. Water was removed from the nitrocellulose in the Dehydration Press Houses, Buildings 202-1 through -9, by press and by displacement using denatured ethyl alcohol. Each of thehouses contained three vertical, double-opposed ram dehydrating presses. The presses wereset in a pit equipped with an exhaust duct and an automatic siphon. Gravity or a vacuumIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-5system drew off the alcohol/displaced water solution. The blocks of nitrocellulose wereemptied into buggies and pushed by hand to the Mixer Houses.Alcohol from the Alcohol and Dibutylphthalate Storage Tank Farms, Buildings 203-1 and -3,was pumped from Alcohol Pump Houses 202-16, -18, and -19, to the dehydration presses.Weak alcohol from the dehydration process was transferred to the Ether and Alcohol StillHouses, Buildings 207-1 through -4.10. In the Mixer Houses, Buildings 208-1 through -8, nitrocellulose wet with alcohol was mixedwith DNT, ether, diphenylamine (DPA), and/or dibutylphthalate (DBP), as specified.Screened DNT was received from DNT Screen House 205-1. Ether was manufactured in theEther and Alcohol Still Houses 207-1 through –4 and transferred to the Ether Mix Houses206-1 through –4, where DBP from Tank Farms 203-1 and -2 and DPA from DPA StorageBuilding 920-1 were dissolved in the ether, added as required.The macerators conglomerated the particles from the mixers to decrease the amount ofsolvent evaporation and to further the colloidal action that began in the mixers. Themacerated powder was distributed into three cans on a hand truck, and pushed to the blockingpresses. Bulky lumps of powder from the macerator were blocked to reduce the exposedsurface and to further the colloidal action. Blocks were loaded into powder buggies andpushed to the Horizontal Press House. Mixer House scrap powder was reworked inBuildings 209-1 and -2.11. The Horizontal Press Houses, Buildings 211-1 through –8, contained screening and blockingequipment to remove foreign material and to form the powder into cylindrical blocks thatwould fit the graining presses. Used screens were sent to the Screen Cleaning House, and theremainder of the unscreened block was sent back to the Mixer House and reworked as scrappowder. Graining and cutting equipment produced and cut grains of the powder to thedesired size and number of perforations.The cut powder was carried to a loading shed, where it was dumped into a solvent recoverycar for preliminary solvent recovery. The car was then transferred by rail to the SolventRecovery Houses, where most of the recovery occurred.12. In the Solvent Recovery Houses, Buildings 214-1 through -94, air was circulated throughsolvent recovery cars connected to solvent recovery condensers. About 30% of the powder’stotal weight was removed during this process. After treatment, water was added to thepowder and it was transferred to the Unloading and Screening House. During each shift thecontents of the solvent receiver tank were pumped to the solvent to the Ether and AlcoholTank Farm, Buildings 207-7 through -9A. According to piping diagrams, ether-alcoholwastewater from a tank adjacent to Building 207-8 was piped south toward the Jenny LindRun drainage ditch.13. In the Unloading and Screening Houses, Buildings 218-1 through -11, and the DebaggingHouse, Building 218-1A, the solvent recovery cars were wet down, and the powder wasdischarged to the dump hopper and screened to remove off-sized powder and foreignmaterial. Proper-sized grains were conveyed by jet pump to the water dry tanks in the WaterDry Houses.IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-614. Most of the remaining solvent (3 to 7%) was removed by storing the powder undercirculating warm water in the Water Dry Houses, Buildings 219-1 through -12. Powder fromthe Water Dry House, containing 0.5 to 3.75% residual solvent, was loaded into wet powdercars. Based on piping diagrams, the process waste sewer collected the water drained fromthe Water Dry Houses.15. Cannon powder (both single- and multiple-perforation) was transferred from the wet powdercars to the Controlled Circulation Dryers, Buildings 220-1 through -25. Each ControlledCirculation Drying unit was housed in two separate buildings, the Motor House and theDryer/Dump Shed. Water was removed from the powder by passing warm air through it.After drying, multiple-perforation cannon powder was discharged to powder buggies on thedischarge platform. Dried single-perforation cannon powder was bagged and sent to theShaker Sieves. (Refer to the process description for Lines E and F.)16. The dry, multiple-perforation powder was blended in the Blending Towers and Pack Houses,Buildings 221-1 through -4, to form a large powder lot for packaging. An elevator raised thepowder buggies from the ground floor to the charging room on the fourth floor. Three lots ofpowder, each about 165,000 lbs., were loaded into the blending bin, and dropped (by remoteoperation) over an umbrella distribution cone into rubber-tired buggies. The blending processwas repeated over three drops.After the third drop, the powder was fed to a rolling hopper on a scale. The powder wasweighed into 110-lb. cans and placed on flat rail cars for leak testing at the Air Test House.17. In the Air Test Houses, Buildings 224-1 and -2, powder containers were tested withcompressed air to insure proper container seals before being sent to storage. The Air TestHouses contained interior rail lines accessed on both ends by double doors.18. Powder was stored, well outside of the P&E Area, in the Shipping Houses, Buildings 229-1through -160, located east of the P&E Area, and in the Igloos (5000 Series), concrete bunkerslocated in the southeast corner of INAAP.Figure 1-3 presents an overview of the propellant manufacturing process.1.2.2 Single Base, Single-Perforation Rifle & Cannon Powder (Lines E and F)Note: The nitrocellulose production process for single-perforation powder was the same as formulti-perforation powder, except that wood pulp was not used. For that reason, Lines E and Fdid not include Wood Pulp Dry Houses (122 series buildings). The finishing processes (fromstep 10 on) for single-perforation powder are different than those for multi-perforation powder.Processes at Lines E and F that differ from those at Lines A through D are listed below.10. In the Mixer Houses, Buildings 208-9 through -12, nitrocellulose wet with alcohol wasmixed with ether, DPA, and other ingredients, as specified (DBP was not required for smalldiameter single-perforation powders). The mixing procedure differed for single-perforationcannon and rifle powders. DNT was added to the nitrocellulose for single-perforationcannon powder, but not for rifle powder. Potassium sulfate or powdered tin was sometimesIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-7added to rifle powder as a flash reducer. Mixer Houses 208-11 and -12 were specificallyconfigured for rifle powder production.Ether was transferred from Still Houses 207-5 and –6 to Ether Mix Houses 206-5 and –6where DPA from Building 920-1 was dissolved in ether, then this ether mixture wastransferred to the Mixer Houses. The macerating and blocking processes were identical tothose used at Mixer Houses 208-1 through –8. Mixer House scrap powder was reworked inBuilding 209-3.11. In the Vertical Press Houses, Buildings 234-1 through -11, blocks of powder from MixerHouses 208-9 through -12 were loaded into vertical presses from which powder was extrudedthrough single-perforation dies. The strands were cut into grains and loaded into solventrecovery cars. The solvent recovery operations in the 234 Buildings were similar to thoseused for multi-perforation powder.12. The solvent recovery procedure was modified for the small grain size of single-perforationpowder. After treatment, the powder was wet with water and transferred to the Rifle PowderWater Dry Houses. During each shift, the solvent receiver tank was emptied by pumping thesolvent to the Ether and Alcohol Tank Houses, Buildings 207-10 through -10C. Accordingto piping diagrams, ether-alcohol wastewater from Building 207-10, -10B, -10C, andassociated tanks was piped northwest toward the Jenny Lind Run drainage ditch.13. In the Rifle Powder Water Dry Houses, Buildings 235-1 through -7, powder from solventrecovery was loaded into bags that were placed in wire cages and then submerged incirculating warm water to remove residual solvent. After treating for multiple days, thecages were hoisted from the tanks onto flat cars and taken to the Tray Dry Houses or to theSweetie Barrel Houses. According to piping diagrams, the process waste sewer lines from allRifle Powder Water Dry Houses dumped to an eight-compartment powder sump north ofBuilding 235-3.14. The Sweetie Barrel Houses, Buildings 236-1 through -5, were used to coat rifle powder withDNT and DPA or other substances to stabilize rifle powder and slow its rate of burning.(Note: These buildings are no longer standing.) Powder was taken from the water dry cages,coated in a sweetie barrel, discharged into bags, and loaded into outgoing cages. After theappropriate holding and cooling times, the powder was discharged into bags, repacked intothe cages, and sent back to the Water Dry Houses for a second treatment, to allow the DNTto soak into the powder and harden.15. Alternately, bags of powder from the Rifle Powder Water Dry Houses were emptied intodrying trays in the Tray Dry Houses, even-numbered Buildings 237-2 through -40. Warmair, heated in the adjacent Tray Dry Motor Houses, odd-numbered Buildings 237-1 through –39, was circulated through the drying trays to remove water from the powder. Dry powderwas transferred to the Shaker Sieve Houses.16. Graphite was added to powder in the Glaze Barrel Houses, Buildings 238-1 through -24, toprevent the buildup of static electricity, improve flow characteristics, and allow closerpacking of the grains. (Note: The 238 series buildings are no longer present; based on aerialphotos, it appears they were demolished between 1975 and 1983.)IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-817. Dry powder was transported by rail to the Shaker Sieve Houses, Buildings 239-1 through –14B, where sieves separated fines, clusters, and foreign material from the powder. Proper-sizedpowder was air-classified to produce dry powder ready for blending. Collectionequipment trapped dust from these operations.18. Dry, single perforation cannon powder was blended in the Cannon Blending Towers,Buildings 221-5 and –6, and dry, single perforation rifle powder was blended in the RifleBlending Towers, Building 240-7 and -8, to form a powder lot for packaging. A lot of about55,000 lbs. of powder was loaded into the blending bin, and dropped (by remote operation)over an umbrella distribution cone into rubber-tired buggies. The blending process wasrepeated over four drops.After the fourth drop, the powder was fed to a rolling hopper on a scale. Rifle powder wasweighed into canisters (identical to those used for multiple-perforation powder), and sent toAir Test House 224-3.19. In Air Test House 224-3, powder containers were tested with compressed air to insure propercontainer seals before being sent to storage. The Air Test House contained interior rail linesaccessed on both ends by double doors. (Note: Many powder canisters were observedstacked east of House 224-3, and numerous small drums were stacked to the southeast.)20. Rifle powder was stored in the Shipping Houses, Buildings 229-1 through -160, and theIgloos (5000 Series).Figure 1-3 presents an overview of the propellant manufacturing process.1.2.3 Ether Mixing And Manufacture, Alcohol Rectification, Activated Carbon SolventRecovery, Scrap Rework, and Solvent Recovery Car WashThe ether mix process produced the correct mixtures of ether, DPA, and DBP for a particularformulation of propellant. Ether made the powder soft and pliable and helped colloid themixture so that it could be extruded. DBP was used as a plasticizer to lubricate the nitrocelluloseas it was forced through dyes. DPA was a stabilizer to slow decomposition of nitrocellulose.Both DBP and DPA tended to reduce the absorption of atmospheric moisture.The DBP and DPA were mixed with ether at the Ether Mix Houses, Buildings 206-1 through –6.The ether mix then flowed to the Mixer Houses by gravity pressure. (Note: For rifle powder, noDBP was added to the mixture.)The Ether and Alcohol Still Houses, Buildings 207-1, through -6, manufactured ether and alsoseparated recovered solvent into its ether and alcohol components and then concentrated themfor reuse. According to piping diagrams, ether-alcohol wastewater from Buildings 207-1 and -2was piped north toward the North Ash Settling Basin, 611-3.At the Activated Carbon Solvent Recovery Buildings, Buildings 251-1 through -4, ether andalcohol vapors were withdrawn from processing operations and adsorbed to activated carbonIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-9beds. The carbon beds were desorbed with steam, which was then sent to the Still Houses forrectification. Any wastewater or liquid waste was drained to the process waste sewer system.The Scrap Rework Houses, Buildings 209-1 through -3, attempted to reuse scrap powder toeliminate waste. Scrap powder was rolled lead-coated steel barrels with ether and alcohol untilthe powder became lump-free and soft. The barrel was then returned to the appropriate MixerHouse to be added to the mixer charge.The Solvent Recovery Car Wash Houses, Buildings 213-1 and -2, prepared solvent recovery carsfor reuse, preventing contamination between loads of powder. Wastewater from the Car WashHouses was drained to the process waste sewer system.1.2.4 Nitric and Mixed Acid Production AreaNitric acid was produced at the facility. Sulfuric acid was shipped to the facility and used in theproduction of mixed acid. The Ammonia Oxidation Plants (AOP), Buildings 302-1 and -2,produced 61% nitric acid from ammonia and air using a platinum catalyst. Anhydrous liquidammonia from storage tanks at Anhydrous Ammonia Storage, Buildings 301-1 and –2, wasvaporized with heat.Oxygen reacted with vaporized ammonia in the presence of the catalyst to produce nitric acidplus water and nitrogen oxides. Energy was recovered from the high-pressure exit gases by thepower recovery compressor. A cooling tower allowed for oxidation of the nitrogen oxides toN2O4 and NO2 that reacted with water to form nitric acid. Steam condensate from the sulfuricacid concentrator absorbed nitrogen dioxide gas, increasing the acid strength to about 61%.Mixed acid was separated in the Nitric Acid Concentrator and Sulfuric Acid Concentrator(NAC/SAC) Houses (Buildings 303-1 and -2) by boiling the nitric acid off, while condensing thesulfuric acid and water. The hot nitric acid vapor ascended the dehydration, passed upwardthrough a bleacher and then to condensers, before flowing downward through the bleacher, tocooling tubs and into the strong (95%) nitric acid storage tank. Sulfuric acid (77%) flowed toresidual storage tanks where the sulfuric acid was pumped into the Concentrator Houses, wherethe acid vaporized and about 40% of the water was flashed off by high vacuum and temperature,before the acid was pumped to strong sulfuric acid storage tanks.1.2.5 Organics Area – Nitrobenzene and Aniline ProductionThe only structures remaining in the Organics Production Area are Benzene Storage Tanks 902,Diphenylamine Storage Building 920-1, and Organics Area Raw Materials Storage, Building921. The other 900 Series Buildings were removed in the 1970s. Benzene was shipped to theCar Heater House, Building 901, where tank cars were rolled in, grounded, and heated, asnecessary, and the benzene was then pumped to the Benzene Storage Tank Farm 902. At theBenzene Nitration House, Building 903, benzene was added to a nitrating cycle containing acidand carbon dioxide. Mixed acid was added and the reaction was allowed to go to completion.Some spent acid was siphoned off and returned to the cycle acid tank. At the Neutralizing andIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-10Storage House, Building 904, more spent acid was siphoned off and the nitrobenzene wasneutralized before being pumped to the Aniline and Nitrobenzene Still House.The Aniline and Nitrobenzene Still House, Building 906, removed the dinitrobenzene and higherhydrocarbons through distillation. The Reducer and Sludge Still House, Building 907, producedaniline using iron borings (dust or chips of various grades) from Building 908, Iron BoringStorage and Weigh House, and an iron chloride catalyst in a reducer. Potassium iodide solutionwas also added as a catalyst; the charge was heated, then nitrobenzene feed was added, and theaniline layer was decanted through one of two Sweetland filters before reaching a tank inBuilding 906. The aniline was decanted from the top of the separator tank and sent to a secondtank in Building 906. The unreacted iron was reused, and the remaining sludge washed out to aditch, where it was shoveled out, dried, and sold.1.2.6 Organics Area – Diphenylamine ProductionThe Diphenylamine (DPA) Autoclave Charge House, Building 910, received aniline in a weightank, and ammonium chloride and iron chloride catalysts were added. This charge was pumpedto the DPA Autoclave House, Building 911, where aniline was converted to DPA and ammonia.The contents of the autoclave were blown to the crude DPA storage tank in Building 913.Unconverted aniline was allowed to boil off, then condensed and stored in the aniline feed tankat Building 910. Ammonia vapors were sent to the Ammonia Recovery Tanks, Building 912.At the DPA Still House, Building 913, crude DPA, along with low melt (DPA and tars) andhexaniline (DPA and aniline) from previous still runs were heated with a 30% solution of sodiumhydroxide. The water layer was discharged to the ditch, where it presumably flowed to theAniline Pond, and the aniline passed through the topping still to the DPA aniline storage tank.The molten refined DPA was crystallized for later use.1.2.7 Organics Area – Dimethylaniline ProductionDimethylaniline (DMA) was produced at INAAP and shipped off-site. DMA was not mixed intoformulations at INAAP. Three raw material storage tanks were located north of the DMAAutoclave House, Building 917. Crude DMA was blown into a tank at the DMA Still House,Building 918, where the emulsion rapidly separated. The methanol, sulfuric acid, and waterwere siphoned off the lower layer. The remaining crude DMA was distilled. Next, phthalicanhydride was added to remove monomethylaniline. Water was added, allowed to settle, and thelower phthalic water, which contained a small amount of monomethylaniline, was drained to theditch and presumably flowed to the Aniline Pond. The first portion of distillate condensed intorefined DMA receiving tanks for storage until it was shipped off-site. Spent methanol wasdistilled for reuse.1.2.8 Miscellaneous Process BuildingsProcess descriptions were not available for the following miscellaneous buildings.IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-11• The Nitrocellulose Tube Fabrication/Trial Load Building, 255, contained hydraulic presses,dies, and press parts, presumably for testing various size grains of powder.• The Sorting House, Building 259, was northwest of Closed Circulation Dryer 220-20 andconsisted of a Dump Shed and a Hand Sort Shed connected by a covered concrete walkway.• Powder Transfer Platform 262-1 and Powder Transfer House 262-2 contained rail and truckloading docks and rail loadout hoppers for transferring powder to rail cars.• The Powder Dumping House, Building 264, was a split level building with rail service toboth the upper and lower levels. Chutes extended from the upper level to the lower level,allowing transfer of powder from one cart to another. The purpose for this was notdiscerned.Numerous support buildings not used for production or manufacturing are also located in theP&E Area.1.2.9 Storage TanksHundreds of above ground storage tanks (AST) are located within the P&E Area. Only one USTis believed to be in place, a 50-gallon gasoline UST that supports a generator for a smallcommunications building (Building 709-1A). All tanks were reportedly emptied duringdecommissioning in 1971 and 1972.1.2.10 Water Supply and CoolingWater for the plant was supplied by seven Ranney collector wells located along the Ohio River.The wells consist of a vertical caisson with horizontal well screens projected out from thecaisson radially. Each well contained two pumps, each with a capacity of 3,500 gallons perminute (gpm). Two 36-inch cast iron pipelines connected the wells via a system of headers tothe two 5,000,000-gallon reservoirs, Buildings 402-1and -2, located at each Powerhouse.The Pump Houses, Buildings 402-3 and -5, are located on one side of the Reservoirs. TheDrinking Water Pump Houses, Buildings 402-4 and 6, are located on the opposite side of eachReservoir. Water entered each of the Cooling Towers, Buildings 403-1 and -2, at the top ofsystem of cells and sprinkled down into the cooling tower basin. Air was blown through thefalling water by 12-foot four-bladed fans.1.2.11 PowerhousesEach Powerhouse had a complete coal handling system and about 90,000-ton capacity storageyard. Two 12,500-gallon underground storage tanks provided fuel oil for lighting the boilers andbringing them up to pressure. Each boiler was associated with a turbine; each turbine wasconnected to a 5,000-kilowatt power generator that produced a 3-phase current at 11,500 volts.The generators, five at Powerhouse No. 1 and six at No. 2, were connected to switchboards ateach Powerhouse and protected with suitable reactors and circuit breakers. Electricity wasdistributed from the Powerhouses through underground conductors (in conduit) to a terminalIntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-12tower, then overhead on steel towers or wood poles to twenty substations, ten per Powerhouse.Ash from Powerhouse No. 1 was pumped to (North) Ash Settling Basin 611-3, and ash fromPowerhouse No. 2 was pumped to (South) Ash Settling Basin 611-2.1.2.12 Power SubstationsThe 20 Electric Substations, Buildings 501-1 through -20, reduced the voltage from thePowerhouses from 11,500 volts to 2300 and 440 volts. The Constant Current RegulationHouses, Buildings 501-21, -22 and –23, were presumably used to monitor electricaltransmissions. The patrol and roadway lighting systems included 1,113 creosote-treated woodpoles, 75.4 miles of conductor, 18 constant current (6.6 amp) regulators, and 880 lighting units,6000 lumens each.1.2.13 RailroadsThe railroad system had 32.86 miles of 40-lb rail and 36.60 miles of 100-lb rail, all standardgauge.1.2.14 Sewer SystemsProcess waste (also referred to as industrial waste and trade waste), sanitary and storm sewerlines served the P&E Area. Records reviews completed by Army personnel indicated theestimates of sewer line lengths:• Process waste sewer – 71,681 lineal feet• Sanitary sewer – 30,904 lineal feet• Storm sewer – 32,810 lineal feet1.3 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONSThis report compiles the results of the Phase I Remedial Investigation (RI) (W-C 1998), thePreliminary Characterization Study (URSGWC 2001), the Phase II Resource Conservation andRecovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation (RFI) Field Screening (URS 2001), the P&E AreaMercury Investigation and Removal Action Work Plan (URS 2003a), the Phase II RFI Report(URS 2003b), the Documentation Report Mercury Removal Action (URS 2003c), theInstallation Groundwater (Site 90) Phase II RFI (URS 2003e), and this Supplemental Phase IIRFI field investigation. Prior to the Phase I RI, no investigations of the P&E Area werecompleted.1.4 CHEMICALS AND ASSOCIATED HAZARDSResults of the Preliminary Characterization Study (URSGWC 2001) identified the followingpotentially significant chemical concerns and associated hazards that workers could encounterwithin the P&E Area:IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-13Nitrocellulose (NC) and Propellant: NC and propellant has low toxicity but poses a flammablehazard and is classified as a RCRA ignitable waste. NC and/or propellant should be assumedpotentially present in process equipment and piping, around transport systems, in pits or vaults,as a dust in building interiors, in concrete cracks, in sewer lines and in soils. Nitrocellulose andpropellant does not generally degrade with time and maintains its flammability characteristic.Benzene: Benzene is a carcinogen and is classified as RCRA ignitable and toxic waste.Benzene in the form of liquid and vapor should be assumed potentially present in non-ventilatedprocess equipment and piping in the Organic Production Area. Benzene released into the soil issubject to rapid volatilization near the surface, and biodegradation below the surface.2,4-Dinitrotoluene: 2,4-DNT is a probable carcinogen and is classified a RCRA toxic waste.2,4-DNT should be assumed potentially present in process equipment and piping, in pits orvaults, as a dust in building interiors, in concrete cracks, in sewer lines. Sunlight and bacteriacan readily degrade 2,4-DNT in the environment and its presence in surface soils is unlikely.Di-n-butylphthalate: DBP is relatively non-hazardous. DBP should be assumed potentiallypresent in process equipment and piping, in pits or vaults, as a dust in building interiors, inconcrete cracks, in sewer lines and in soils.Diphenylamine: DPA is relatively non-hazardous. DPA should be assumed potentially presentin process equipment and piping, in pits or vaults, as a dust in building interiors, in concretecracks, in sewer lines.Ether: Ether is a RCRA ignitable waste. Ether in the form of liquid and vapor should beassumed potentially present in non-ventilated process equipment and piping in the Ether AlcoholStill Houses and Ether Mix Houses. Ether released into the soil is subject to rapid volatilizationnear the surface and its presence in surface soils is unlikely.Alcohol: Alcohol is a RCRA ignitable waste. Alcohol in the form of liquid and vapor should beassumed potentially present in non-ventilated process equipment and piping in the Ether AlcoholStill Houses and Ether Mix Houses. Alcohol released into the soil is subject to rapidvolatilization near the surface and its presence in surface soils is unlikely.Mercury: Mercury can cause central nervous system effects and is classified as a RCRA toxicwaste. Mercury was used extensively in switches, gauges and instrumentation. It was also usedin laboratory analytical testing and disposed of in laboratory sinks. Mercury contaminationshould be assumed potentially present in laboratories and sewers, and in soils and sedimentaround mercury-containing equipment. A comprehensive mercury equipment audit has not beencompleted.Asbestos Containing Material (ACM): Inhalation of asbestos fibers causes lung scarring andcancer and is regulated by NESHAP. ACM was used throughout the area in insulation, gaskets,flooring, ceiling, roofing and siding. A detailed study was previously completed and, visible,IntroductionSECTIONONE P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 1-14friable asbestos was removed; however, given weathering effects, this may not be current. ACMremains in building materials throughout the P&E Area.PCBs: PCBs may cause liver damage and cancer and are regulated as hazardous substancesunder TSCA. PCB-containing oil was used in switchgears and transformers and as an ingredientin military gray paint. PCB oils were replaced prior to TSCA promulgation in 1976. There issome documentation available on the testing and disposal of PCB oils. There is a potential forPCB contamination around switches, transformers and where drained oil may have been used forweed control (i.e., door exits).Lead-Based Paint: Lead may cause brain, blood, and CNS disorders. Lead is classified as aRCRA toxic waste. Since the area was built and painted prior to 1978, lead-based paint and leadsolder can be assumed throughout. Weathering has removed much of the paint and continues toproduce paint chips and dust. Soils around exterior walls and tanks may be lead contaminated.TABLE 1-1CHEMICALS USED AND MANUFACTUREDSITE 63 - P&E AREAChemical Compound Used/Manufactured P&E Area Use Hazard DescriptionDinitrotoluene (2,4-and 2,6-) Used Used at INAAP for the production of propellants. Flammable hazard and chronic toxicity characteristics.Anhydrous Ammonia Used Used to produce nitric acid in the P&E Area. Very strong irritant/immediate health hazard and slightflammability hazard.Aniline Manufactured Used in the production of diphenylamine. Slightly flammable and accute toxicity characteristics.Benzene Used Used in the production of nitrobenzene. Extreme fire hazard and accute toxicity characteristics.Dibutyl Phthalate Used Used at INAAP for the production of propellants. Slightly flammable and mild irritant.Dimethylaniline Manufactured Produced at INAAP and shipped off-site. Slightly flammable and mild irritant.Diphenylamine Manufactured Used at INAAP for the production of propellants. Slightly flammable and mild irritant.Ether Used Used in the production of nitrocellulose. Extreme fire hazard and accute toxicity characteristics.Ethyl Alcohol Used Used in the production of nitrocellulose and ether. Extreme fire hazard and chronic irritant.Graphite Used Used as coating in canon powder production. Mild irritant as powder.Lead Used Lead based paint used on buildings at INAAP. Accute and chronic toxicity characteristics.Mercury Used Used in mercury guage boxes for monitoring steam lines. Accute and chronic toxicity characteristics.Methanol Used By-product in the production of dimethylamine. Extreme fire hazard and chronic irritant.Nitric Acid Manufactured Used in the production of nitrocellulose and nitrobenzene. Strong oxidizer, ignition hazard and accute toxicity.Nitrobenzene Manufactured Used in the production of aniline. Flammable hazard and chronic toxicity characteristics.Nitrocellulose Manufactured Produced at INAAP for use in propellants. Highly flammable and explosive when confined.PCBs Used Found in transformer oil used in the P&E Area. Chronic toxicity characteristics.Potassium Sulfate Used Flash reducer for rifle powder production. Strong irritant.Powdered Tin Used Flash reducer for rifle powder production. Slightly flammable and strong irritant.Soda Ash Used Used for neutralizing acids from nitrocellulose production. Strong irritant and increases existing flammability hazards.Sodium Bicarbonate Used Used for neutralizing acids from nitrobenzene production. Mild irritant.Sodium Sulfate Used Used for neutralizing acids from nitrobenzene production. Mild irritant.Sulfuric Acid Used Used in the production of nitrocellulose and nitrobenzene. Strong oxidizer, ignition hazard and accute toxicity.Q:\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Tables.xls Page 1 of 1 8/30/2005Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-1Field activities for the P&E Area included trenching, surface and subsurface soil, drainage andsewer sediment, surface water, and groundwater sampling. Figure 2-1 shows the overall P&EArea sample location layout with an overlying reference grid. Figures 2-2 through 2-13 present amore detailed view of sample locations based on the reference grid of Figure 2-1. Grid locationsthat do not contain samples are not shown. Sample location, identification, depth, matrix, andchemical analyses are presented in Table 2-1.In 2002, the United States Army Operation Support Command (OSC) recommended thermaldecomposition for approximately 80% of the P&E Area buildings (see the P&E Area Phase IIRFI Field Sampling Plan – URS, 2002). Thermal decomposition was recommended to reducethe potential hazards and risks associated with nitrocellulose fines deposited in and aroundproduction line buildings. The process of thermal decomposition in the production line buildingswas expected to change the nature and extent of potential environmental contaminants in nearsurface soils around the buildings. Therefore, the collection of near surface soil samples in andaround production line buildings during the 2002 field sampling event was suspended untilthermal decomposition of all buildings had been completed.Prior to the Supplemental Phase II RFI field sampling event (July-August 2003), the Armyindicated thermal decomposition of the P&E Area buildings would not take place until 2005 orlater. Subsequently the USACE, in consultation with the Army, BRAC and URS, decided tofully characterize the P&E Area, including surface soils around production line buildings.Therefore, soil boring locations from the 2002 field sampling event were sampled for surface soilcharacterization, in addition to the collection and analysis of surface and subsurface soil samplesaround previously uncharacterized production lines.All field activities were completed in accordance with applicable Standard Operating Procedures(SOPs) (W-C 1995, URSGWC 2000, URS 2001, URS 2002a, URS 2003d). Any deviationsfrom the SOPs are noted on the Sample Collection Field Sheets (SCFS) provided in Appendix E.2.1 SOIL AND SEDIMENT SAMPLING2.1.1 Surface Soil SamplingPhase I RITwenty near surface soil samples (63SS01 through 63SS20) were collected using stainless steelhand tools (trowels, spoons, augers, etc.). Generally, the near surface soil samples werecollected from 0- to 2-feet below ground surface (bgs) depth intervals. However, samples63SS06 through 63SS09 and 63SS12 were collected from approximately 1- to 4-feet bgs due togravel overburden.One sample was retained for chemical analysis from each near surface soil sampling location.Sample identifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions arepresented in Table 2-1. The Phase I RI surface soil sampling locations are shown on Figures 2-2through 2-13.Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-2Phase II RFI Field ScreeningThirty-eight near surface soil samples (63SS021 through 63SS036 and 63SS057 through63SS078) were collected using stainless steel hand tools (trowels, spoons, augers, etc.).Generally, the near surface soil samples were collected from 0- to 1-feet bgs depth intervals.One sample was retained for chemical analysis from each near surface soil sampling location.Samples analyzed on-site were field screened using an EnSys® PCB Soil Test system. Samplesanalyzed by an off-site laboratory were targeted for either lead or PCBs. The off-site PCBanalysis was for confirmation of the on-site analysis. Sample identifications, depths, matrices,chemical analyses, and location descriptions are presented in Table 2-1. The Phase II RFI FieldScreening surface soil sampling locations are shown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.Supplemental Phase II RFITwo hundred and thirty surface soil locations (63SS186 through 63SS415) were sampled usingstainless steel hand augers. Generally, surface soil samples were collected from 0- to 2-feet bgs,although the depths varied due to gravel overburden and shallow bedrock interfaces. Wheregravel overburden was 1-foot or greater, surface soil samples were collected from a 0.5- to 1-footinterval immediately beneath the gravel layer.Six surface soil samples were collected from each surface soil sampling location. One surfacesoil sample was collected at the center of each sampling location and labeled with an ‘A’extension (e.g. 63200SS01A). Four additional surface soil samples were collected from pointsevenly spaced around the center sample and labeled with ‘B’ through ‘E’ extensions (seeSupplemental Phase II RFI FSP [URS 2003d] for a detailed example). Additionally, onecomposite sample, made up by mixing soil from the five individual surface soil samples labeled‘A’ through ‘E’, was generated at each surface soil location and labeled without a letterextension (e.g. 63200SS01).All of the surface soil samples, including the composite, were field screened for 2,4-DNT usingthe EnSys® Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Soil Test system. Field screening was performed tocharacterize the extent and localized heterogeneous distribution of potential 2,4-DNTcontamination in soil. The composite surface soil samples were also split and analyzed by anoff-site laboratory for additional analytical characterization and 2,4-DNT confirmation. Sampleidentifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions are presented inTable 2-1. The Supplemental Phase II RFI surface soil sampling locations are shown on Figures2-2 through 2-13.Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-32.1.2 Hand Auger Soil Boring SamplingPhase II RFI Field ScreeningOne hundred and twenty-seven soil borings (63SB037 through 63SB056 and 63SB079 through63SB185) were completed using stainless steel hand augers. The soil samples were collectedfrom the surface to a maximum depth of 4-feet bgs or refusal, whichever was first encountered.Typically two samples were retained for chemical analysis from each soil boring location;however, only one sample was retained from each of soil borings 63SB50, 63SB56, 63SB82,63SB86, and 63SB158 due to the shallow depths to refusal (approximately 2-feet bgs). Samplescollected from boring locations 63SB037 through 63SB056 were analyzed for mercury only aspart of a P&E Area mercury gauge box investigation. Samples collected from Multi-PerforationCannon Powder Line B and Single-Perforation Rifle & Cannon Powder Line E were fieldscreened for 2,4-DNT and nitrocellulose using the EnSys® TNT and RDX Soil Test systems,respectively. For confirmation, an off-site laboratory analyzed approximately 20% of thesamples field screened for 2,4-DNT and approximately 10% of the samples field screened fornitrocellulose. Volatile and semivolatile organics analyses were completed off-site for P&EArea samples collected from the Former Organics Area and around organics related structures(e.g. Ether Still Houses). Sample identifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, andlocation descriptions are presented in Table 2-1. Soil boring locations are shown on Figures 2-2through 2-13.Phase II RFIFour soil borings (63DS112 through 63DS115) were completed using stainless steel hand augersfor the Phase II RFI field event. These soil samples were collected from the surface to bedrock,which ranged from 2- to 5-feet bgs.Typically two samples were retained for chemical analysis from each soil boring location;however, only one sample was retained from each of soil borings 63DS114 and 63DS115 due tothe shallow depths to refusal (approximately 2-feet bgs). Sample identifications, depths,matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions are presented in Table 2-1. Soil boringlocations are shown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.2.1.3 Direct Push Soil Boring SamplingPhase II RFIOne hundred and seventeen direct push soil borings were advanced in areas of suspectedcontamination (63DS01 through 63DS111, 63T06A through 63T06C, and 63T08A through63T08C) based on historical information and topography. These borings were completed, usinga direct push system and 1.75-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) liners, to bedrock refusalwith depths ranging from approximately 2- to 17-feet bgs.Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-4Following the recommendations of the Army OSC concerning thermal decomposition ofproduction line buildings (see Section 2.0), surface soil samples (less than approximately 2-footbgs) were not collected from direct push soil borings completed near production line buildings.Based on this, the number of samples retained for chemical analysis from each direct push soilboring location varied with bedrock depth and depended on the location, since near surface soilsamples were only collected from areas not scheduled for thermal decomposition. Typically twoto three samples were retained from each direct push boring; however, only one sample wascollected from soil borings 63DS05, 63DS75, 63DS76 and 63DS87 through 63DS92 due to theshallow depths of refusal (approximately 5-feet bgs). Sample identifications, depths, matrices,chemical analyses, and location descriptions are presented in Table 2-1. Soil boring locations areshown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.Supplemental Phase II RFIOne hundred and seven direct push soil borings were advanced in areas of suspectedcontamination (63DS116 through 63DS222) based on historical information, topography andprevious investigations. These borings were completed, using a direct push system and 1.75-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) liners, to bedrock refusal with depths ranging fromapproximately 1- to 29-feet bgs.Typically six surface soil samples and one to two subsurface soil samples were retained fromeach direct push boring location. However, five total surface soil samples were obtained atboring locations 63SS134 and 63SS136 due to shallow concrete and gravel fill material. Also,only surface soil samples were collected from boring locations 63DS154 and 63DS173 due toshallow depths of refusal (approximately 2-feet bgs). The surface soil samples were collected ina manner similar to the surface soil sampling regimen described previously. One surface soilsample (i.e. generally less than 2-feet bgs) was collected from the direct push system at thecenter of each sampling location and labeled with an ‘A’ extension (e.g. 63116DS02A). Fouradditional surface soil samples were collected using hand augers from points evenly spacedaround the center sample and labeled with ‘B’ through ‘E’ extensions (see Supplemental Phase IIRFI FSP [URS 2003d] for a detailed example). Additionally, one composite sample, made up bymixing soil from the five individual surface soil samples labeled ‘A’ through ‘E’, was generatedat each soil boring location and labeled without a letter extension (e.g. 63116DS02).All of the surface soil samples, including the composite, were field screened for 2,4-DNT usingthe EnSys® Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Soil Test system. Field screening was performed tocharacterize the extent and localized heterogeneous distribution of potential 2,4-DNTcontamination in the surface soil. The composite surface soil samples were also split andanalyzed by an off-site laboratory for additional analytical characterization and 2,4-DNTconfirmation. All subsurface soil samples from each boring location were retained for chemicalanalysis by an off-site laboratory. Sample identifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses,and location descriptions are presented in Table 2-1. Soil sampling locations are shown onFigures 2-2 through 2-13.Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-52.1.4 Trench Soil SamplingAs part of the Phase II RFI field activities, 52 ten-foot long trenches were excavated to identifythe potential presence of nitrocellulose and production related contaminants, and to evaluate soiltypes, depth to bedrock, and thickness of the existing soil cover along Production Lines B and Eof the P&E Area. Trenches were excavated using a Case Model 580L backhoe, which wasoperated by the URS subcontractor Clark-Nickles, under the supervision of URS personnel.URS personnel logged the trenches to indicate the depth and thickness of buried materials, toidentify soil types, and to collect investigative soil samples for chemical analysis. Physicalresults of the trenching activities are reported in Section 3 chemical results are reported inSection 5.Generally, trenches were excavated to a maximum depth of 5-feet bgs or bedrock refusal in thenitrocellulose production areas, and to a maximum depth of 10-feet bgs or bedrock refusal in thepropellant production areas of Production Lines B and E. Trench 63T12 was abandoned at 4-feetbgs due to a broken industrial waste pipe, which was later covered with plastic sheeting andbackfilled with soil per the instructions of Kerry Dupaquier, the on-site Army representative.Trench 63T21 was discontinued at 1-foot bgs and relocated 30 feet north of the original locationdue to the presence of underground industrial waste lines. Trench 63T17A stopped at 3-feet bgsdue to trench collapse; it was later excavated to bedrock at an adjacent location as Trench63T17B. Upon completion of sample collection and soil description, the trenches werebackfilled with the excavated soils.Initially two soil samples were collected from the 0- to 2-feet bgs depth interval of each trench,and each sample was field screened for nitrocellulose using the Expray™ test kits. The samplesthat tested positive for nitrocellulose were further tested on-site for combustibility followingUSEPA Ignitability Test Method 1030 Modified (see URS SOP No. 24, Explosives Analyticaland Ignitability Tests in the P&E Area Phase II RFI FSP [URS 2002a]). For field personnelsafety, trenching was discontinued when samples indicated the presence of nitrocellulose by boththe Expray™ and ignitability tests. Based on the results of the filed tests, only two trenches(63T6 and 63T8) were discontinued, each at approximately 0.5-feet bgs, due to the presence ofnitrocellulose. To reduce potential exposures to nitrocellulose hazards, three direct push borings(63T06A through 63T06C, and 63T08A through 63T08C listed above in Section 2.1.3) weresubsequently completed in the two trench locations.Additionally, five samples were collected at each trench location from various subsurface depths(i.e., ≥ 2 feet bgs) and field screened for 2,4-DNT using an EnSys® TNT Soil Test system;approximately 40% of the field screened 2,4-DNT samples were also split and analyzed by anoff-site laboratory for confirmation and additional analytical characterization. Sampleidentifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions are presented inTable 2-1. The trench locations are shown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-62.1.5 P&E Area Sediment SamplingDrainage SedimentTwenty-two sediment samples were collected from P&E Area drainages during the Phase II RFI(2002) and Supplemental Phase II RFI (2003) field efforts. Although identified as sediments, thesamples collected from the drainages were characteristically more like surface soils and wereovergrown with grasses, weeds and small shrubs. Eighteen of the twenty-two sediment sampleswere collocated with surface water samples collected at the same time. These sediment sampleswere collected from the 0- to 1-foot depth interval.One sample was retained for chemical analysis from each sediment sampling location. Sampleidentifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions for each drainagesediment location are presented in Table 2-1. Sampling locations are shown on Figures 2-2through 2-13.Sewer SedimentSix sewer sediment samples (63SR001 through 63SR006) were collected from six process wastesewer manholes using an extended sediment sampler. Each of the six samples collected from theprocess waste sewers were field screened for 2,4-DNT and nitrocellulose using EnSys® TNT andRDX Soil Test systems, respectively. Additionally, four of the six sewer sediment samples fieldscreened were also analyzed by and off-site laboratory for confirmation and additionalcharacterization. Sample identifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and locationdescriptions for each sewer sediment location are presented in Table 2-1. Sampling locations areshown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.It was observed that Sewer Manholes IW-134 and IW-401 were beginning to collapse. Inaddition, 35 other process waste sewer manholes (including all remaining proposed and alternatesampling locations from the P&E Area Field Screening FSP [URS 2001], plus an additional fourmanholes) were checked for the presence of sediment. In most cases, sediment was not presentin these sewer manholes; however, several sewer manholes could not be located (either becausethey were covered over or had been removed) and one could not be opened. The following tablelists the sewer manholes that were not sampled.Process Waste SewerManhole Number Reason for Not Sampling Process Waste SewerManhole Number Reason for Not SamplingIW-102 Unable to locate IW-207 No sediment presentIW-103 No sediment present IW-210 No sediment presentIW-105 No sediment present IW-501 No sediment presentIW-106 No sediment present IW-701 No sediment presentIW-107 No sediment present IW-703 Unable to locateIW-108 No sediment present IW-704 No sediment presentIW-109 No sediment present IW-705 No sediment presentField Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-7Process Waste SewerManhole Number Reason for Not Sampling Process Waste SewerManhole Number Reason for Not SamplingIW-113 No sediment present IW-706 No sediment presentIW-114 No sediment present IW-707 No sediment presentIW-129 No sediment present IW-708 No sediment presentIW-130 No sediment present IW-709 No sediment presentIW-138 Unable to locate IW-710 No sediment presentIW-201 No sediment present IW-715 No sediment presentIW-202 No sediment present IW-738 Unable to open (lid fused)IW-203 No sediment present IW-740 No sediment presentIW-204 No sediment present IW-742 No sediment presentIW-205 No sediment present IW-744 No longer presentIW-206 Unable to locate2.2 SURFACE WATER SAMPLINGTwenty-seven surface water samples were collected from the P&E Area, nine during the Phase IIRFI Field Screening investigation (63SW01 through 63SW09), nine during the Phase II RFIinvestigation (63SW10 through 63SW19), and nine during the Supplemental Phase II RFIinvestigation (63SW21 through 63SW30). The eighteen surface water samples collected duringthe Phase II RFI and Supplemental Phase II RFI fields effort were collocated with sedimentsamples (see Section 2.1.5). These surface water samples were collected using laboratory-preparedglass containers as sampling equipment. The surface water samples were generallycollected following a rain event, as the drainages in and around the P&E Area are typically dry.Surface water samples were retained for chemical analysis by an off-site laboratory. Sampleidentifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions are presented inTable 2-1. Surface water sampling locations are shown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.2.3 GROUNDWATER SAMPLINGTwenty groundwater samples, eighteen from direct push borings and two from trenches, werecollected during the Phase II RFI investigation, and two groundwater samples were collectedfrom direct push borings during the Supplemental Phase II RFI investigation. The groundwatersamples were collected from trenches using laboratory-certified, pre-cleaned glass containers assampling equipment. Peristaltic pumps and minibailers were used to collect groundwater fromtemporary wells installed in direct push borings.Direct push groundwater samples were collected in the P&E Area using direct push, pre-packedscreen, temporary well points installed in direct push soil borings where groundwater wasencountered. These pre-packed temporary well points included a silica sand pack to at least 1Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-8foot above the screened interval and a bentonite seal to the surface. Prior to the collection ofsamples, at least one liter of water was purged from each temporary well point using a peristalticpump and dedicated high density polyethylene (HDPE) tubing. Samples for VOC analysis werecollected using a disposable minibailer while samples for other analyses were collected using aperistaltic pump and HDPE tubing.Sample identifications, depths, matrices, chemical analyses, and location descriptions arepresented in Table 2-1. Sample locations are shown on Figures 2-2 through 2-13.2.4 FIELD SCREENING SUMMARY2.4.1 Organics ScreeningField screening using headspace analysis was completed during the Phase I RI, Phase II RFI, andSupplemental Phase II RFI field events. Recovered soil from each soil boring and sedimentsample was field screened using a photoionization detector (PID) to verify the presence orabsence of volatile organic vapors. Screening results are presented in Table 2-2, and wererecorded on the Sample Collection Field Sheets (SCFSs) (see Appendix E).2.4.2 Sewer Manhole ScreeningDuring the Phase II RFI Field Screening event, industrial waste sewer manholes were fieldscreened using a five gas (oxygen, combustible gas, VOCs, carbon monoxide, and hydrogensulfide) monitor prior to or immediately following the removal of the manhole covers to verifythe presence or absence of explosive or hazardous atmospheres. Screening results were recordedon the SCFSs (see Appendix E) and were presented in the Phase II RFI Field Screening (URS2001) report.2.4.3 Mercury ScreeningDuring the Phase II RFI Field Screening event, breathing zones and borings associated with theMercury-Containing Equipment and Storage Areas were field screened using a Jerome® goldfilm mercury vapor analyzer to verify the presence or absence of mercury vapors. The mercuryvapor analyzer used had a minimum detection level of 0.001 mg/m3. Screening results wererecorded on the SCFSs (see Appendix E) and were presented in the Phase II RFI Field Screening(URS 2001) report.2.4.4 Lead ScreeningDuring the first day of the Phase II RFI Field Screening and Phase II RFI field events, a personalair monitoring pump was used to verify the presence or absence of lead-contaminated particulatein the breathing zones. Air filter cartridges were analyzed for lead using a method based on theNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7300 and the Occupational Safetyand Health Administration (OSHA) ID-125G. Screening results were presented in the Phase IIRFI Field Screening (URS 2001) and Phase II RFI (URS 2003b) reports.Field Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-92.4.5 PCB ScreeningDuring the Phase II RFI Field Screening event, near surface soil and sediment samples collectedaround PCB-containing, and former PCB-containing equipment were field screened usingStrategic Diagnostics Inc.’s (SDI’s) PCB EnSys® 12T Soil Test System, which complies withUSEPA SW-846 Method 4020.For details on the use of the PCB test kits refer to URS SOP No. 22, Field Testing for PCBs andSection 2.3.5 of the Phase II RFI Field Screening (URS 2001) report. Results of the PCB fieldscreening are presented in Appendix C. Minimum Arochlor detection levels for the EnSys® PCBSoil Test are listed below:Arochlor 1260 1254 1248 1242 1232 1016MinimumLevel (ppm) 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 4.0ppm – parts per million2.4.6 2,4-DNT ScreeningDuring the Phase II RFI Field Screening, Phase II RFI, and Supplemental Phase II RFI fieldevents, soil samples from trenches, hand auger borings and direct push borings, and sewersediment samples collected from the industrial waste sewers were field screened for 2,4-DNTusing SDI’s EnSys® TNT Soil Test System, which complies with USEPA SW-846 Method 8515.The TNT Soil Test System was selected because it was capable of detecting 2,4-DNT, whichwas also used as a primary ingredient in the production of propellant at INAAP.For details on the use of the TNT test kits refer to URS SOP No. 20, Field Testing for Explosivesand Section 2.3.6 of the Phase II RFI Field Screening (URS 2001) report. Results for the 2,4-DNT field screening are presented in Appendix C. Method detection limits (MDLs) for theEnSys® TNT Soil Test are listed below:Compound MDL (ppm)2,4,6-TNT 0.72,4-DNT 0.52,6-DNT 2.1ppm – parts per million2.4.7 Nitrocellulose ScreeningDuring the 2001 Phase II RFI Field Screening event, soil samples collected from the SingleBase, Multi-Perforation Cannon Powder Line B, the Single Base and Single-Perforation Rifle &Cannon Powder Line E, and sewer sediment samples collected from the industrial waste sewerswere field screened using SDI’s EnSys® RDX Soil Test System, which complies with USEPASW-846 Method 8510 (proposed status, Final with 4th Update). The RDX Soil Test System wasField Activities SummarySECTIONTWO P&E Area, Site 63\\S075nt09\wp-files\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Rpt.doc\29-Jul-04 /OMA 2-10selected due to its capacity as the only soil test kit available to qualitatively identifynitrocellulose, which was used as a primary ingredient in the production of propellant.For details on the use of the RDX test kits refer to URS SOP No. 20, Field Testing forExplosives and Section 2.3.7 of the Phase II RFI Field Screening (URS 2001) report. Results forthe nitrocellulose field screening are presented in Appendix C. Method detection limits (MDLs)for the EnSys® RDX Soil Test are listed below:Compound MDL (ppm)RDX 0.8Nitrocellulose 42.2ppm – parts per millionAs part of the Phase II RFI field events, a minimum of two soil samples from each trenchlocation along the Single Base, Multi-Perforation Cannon Powder Line B and the Single Base,Single-Perforation Rifle & Cannon Powder Line E were field screened for the presence ofnitrocellulose using Expray™ explosive test kits. Expray™ testing involves exposing acollection paper, wiping it over the target area, spraying a series of chemical reagents on thesample, and checking for a colormetric identification after each spray (see URS SOP No. 24,Explosives Analytical and Ignitability Tests in the P&E Area Phase II RFI FSP [URS 2002a]).Samples that tested positive for nitrocellulose using these test kits were further tested on-site forcombustibility following USEPA Ignitability Test Method 1030 Modified (see URS SOP No. 24[URS 2002a]). Nitrocellulose ignitability tests were performed for field personnel safetyconcerns and to limit exposure to nitrocellulose fines.2.5 IDW DISPOSITIONInvestigation-derived wastes (IDW), including soil cuttings, development and purge water,decontamination fluids, and personal protective equipment (PPE), were disposed in accordancewith the Sitewide Work Plan (URSGWC 2000a) and the Field Sampling Plan (URS 2003d).TABLE 2-1SUMMARY OF P&E AREA SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSISSITE 63 - P&E AREASampleLocationSampleIdentificationSample Depth(ft bgs)SampleMatrixVOCs1SVOCs2Nitroaromatics/Nitramines3Nitrocellulose4Pesticides5PCBs6Metals7Lead8Mercury9Nitrate/ Nitrite10TPH11Geotech12TSS132,4-DNT14Nitrocellulose15PCB Screen16BuildingNumber Sample Location Description Comments63DS01 6301DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 908 North side of former building63DS01 6301DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 908 North side of former building63DS01 6301DS09 8-9 Soil X X X X 908 North side of former building63DS02 6302DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 908 SE side of former building63DS02 6302DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 908 SE side of former building63DS02 6302DS10 8-10 Soil X X X X 908 SE side of former building63DS03 6303DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 907 East side of former building63DS03 6303DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 907 East side of former building63DS03 6303DS10 8-10 Soil X X X X 907 East side of former building63DS04 6304DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 722-C East side of former building63DS04 6304DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 722-C East side of former building63DS05 6305DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 910 Center of former building63DS06 6306DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 911 Between former buildings 910 and 91163DS06 6306DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 911 Between former buildings 910 and 91163DS07 6307DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X X 722-23 Approx. 100 SE of building63DS07 6307DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X X 722-23 Approx. 100 SE of building63DS08 6308DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 913 Center of former building63DS08 63508DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 913 Center of former building Duplicate (6308DS02)63DS08 6308DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 913 Center of former building63DS09 6309DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 914 South end of former building MS/MSD submitted63DS09 6309DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 914 South end of former building63DS10 6310DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 913 SE corner of former building63DS10 6310DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 913 SE corner of former building63DS10 6310DW05 5 Groundwater X X X X 913 SE corner of former building63DS11 6311DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 920-1 NW corner of building63DS11 6311DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 920-1 NW corner of building63DS11 6311DS10 8-9.5 Soil X X X X 920-1 NW corner of building63DS12 6312DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 919 NE corner of former building63DS12 6312DS04 3-4 Soil X X X X 919 NE corner of former building63DS13 6313DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 919 SW corner of former building63DS13 63513DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 919 SW corner of former building Duplicate (6313DS02)63DS13 6313DS04 3-4 Soil X X X X 919 SW corner of former building63DS13 6313DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 919 SW corner of former building63DS13 6313DW07 7 Groundwater X X X X 919 SW corner of former building63DS13 6313DW07B 7 Groundwater X X 919 SW corner of former building63DS14 6314DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 915 Center of south tank63DS14 6314DS05 4-5.2 Soil X X X X 915 Center of south tank63DS15 6315DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 915 NE side of north tank63DS15 6315DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 915 NE side of north tank63DS15 63515DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 915 NE side of north tank Duplicate (6315DS06)63DS16 6316DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 917 SE corner of former building63DS16 6316DS05 4-4.7 Soil X X X X 917 SE corner of former buildingParametersOff-Site On-SiteQ:\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Tables.xls Page 1 of 84 8/30/2005TABLE 2-1SUMMARY OF P&E AREA SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSISSITE 63 - P&E AREASampleLocationSampleIdentificationSample Depth(ft bgs)SampleMatrixVOCs1SVOCs2Nitroaromatics/Nitramines3Nitrocellulose4Pesticides5PCBs6Metals7Lead8Mercury9Nitrate/ Nitrite10TPH11Geotech12TSS132,4-DNT14Nitrocellulose15PCB Screen16BuildingNumber Sample Location Description CommentsParametersOff-Site On-Site63DS17 6317DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 917 East side of former building63DS17 6317DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 917 East side of former building63DS18 6318DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 917 SW side of former building63DS18 6318DS05 4-5.5 Soil X X X X 917 SW side of former building63DS18 6318DW06 6 Groundwater X X X X 917 SW side of former building63DS18 6318DW06B 6 Groundwater X 917 SW side of former building63DS19 6319DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 917 North side of former building63DS19 6319DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 917 North side of former building63DS20 6320DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 921 SE side of building63DS20 6320DS08 6-8 Soil X X X X 921 SE side of building63DS20 6320DS14 12-14.5 Soil X X X X 921 SE side of building63DS20 6320DW14 14 Groundwater X X X X 921 SE side of building63DS20 63520DW14 14 Groundwater X X X X 921 SE side of building Duplicate (6320DW14)63DS21 6321DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 906 NW side of former building63DS21 6321DS05 4-4.7 Soil X X X X 906 NW side of former building63DS22 6322DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 906 SE side of former building63DS22 63522DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 906 SE side of former building Duplicate (6322DS02)63DS22 6322DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 906 SE side of former building63DS23 6323DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 904 North side of former building63DS23 63523DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 904 North side of former building QA Split (6323DS02)63DS23 6323DS08 6-7.9 Soil X X X X 904 North side of former building63DS24 6324DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 902 NE corner of tanks63DS24 6324DS07 6-8 Soil X X X X 902 NE corner of tanks63DS24 6324DS13 12-13 Soil X X X X 902 NE corner of tanks63DS25 6325DS02 0-2 Soil X X X X 902 South side of tanks63DS25 6325DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 902 South side of tanks63DS25 6325DS10 8-9.7 Soil X X X X 902 South side of tanks63DS26 6326DS06 4-6 Soil X X X X 214-56 South side of building63DS26 6326DS11 10-12 Soil X X X X 214-56 South side of building63DS26 6326DS16 14-16 Soil X X X X 214-56 South side of building63DS27 6327DS06 6-8 Soil X X X X 214-56 NE corner of building63DS27 6327DS12 12-14 Soil X X X X 214-56 NE corner of building63DS27 63527DS12 12-14 Soil X X X X 214-56 NE corner of building QA Split (6327DS12)63DS28 6328DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 214-55 North side of building63DS28 6328DS08 6-8 Soil X X X X 214-55 North side of building63DS29 6329DS04 2-4 Soil X X X X 214-66 North side of building63DS29 6329DS08 6-8 Soil X X X X 214-66 North side of building63DS30 6330DS08 6-8 Soil X X X X 214-65 South side of building63DS30 6330DS12 10-12 Soil X X X X 214-65 South side of building63DS31 6331DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 214-66 SW side of buildingQ:\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Tables.xls Page 2 of 84 8/30/2005TABLE 2-1SUMMARY OF P&E AREA SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSISSITE 63 - P&E AREASampleLocationSampleIdentificationSample Depth(ft bgs)SampleMatrixVOCs1SVOCs2Nitroaromatics/Nitramines3Nitrocellulose4Pesticides5PCBs6Metals7Lead8Mercury9Nitrate/ Nitrite10TPH11Geotech12TSS132,4-DNT14Nitrocellulose15PCB Screen16BuildingNumber Sample Location Description CommentsParametersOff-Site On-Site63DS31 6331DS09 8-8.5 Soil X X X X 214-66 SW side of building63DS32 6332DS03 2-3 Soil X X X X 214-16 East side of building63DS32 6332DS05 5-5.5 Soil X X X X 214-16 East side of building63DS33 6333DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 214-16 North side of building63DS33 6333DS10 9-10 Soil X X X X 214-16 North side of building63DS33 63533DS10 9-10 Soil X X X X 214-16 North side of building Duplicate (6333DS10)63DS34 6334DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 214-16 West side of building63DS34 6334DS09 8-9 Soil X X X X 214-16 West side of building63DS35 6335DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-13 West side of building63DS35 6335DS14 12-13.9 Soil X X X X 214-13 West side of building63DS35 6335DW14 14 Groundwater X X X X 214-13 West side of building63DS36 6336DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 214-13 North side of building63DS36 6336DS12 11-12 Soil X X X X 214-13 North side of building63DS36 6336DW12 12 Groundwater X X X X 214-13 North side of building63DS36 63536DW12 12 Groundwater X X X X 214-13 North side of building QA Split (6336DW12)63DS37 6337DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 214-13 East side of building63DS37 6337DS12 11-12 Soil X X X X 214-13 East side of building63DS37 6337DW12 12 Groundwater X X X X 214-13 East side of building63DS38 6338DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 214-32 West side of building63DS38 6338DS13 12-13 Soil X X X X 214-32 West side of building63DS39 6339DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-32 South side of building63DS39 6339DS13 12-13 Soil X X X X 214-32 South side of building63DS39 6339DW13 13 Groundwater X X X X 214-32 South side of building63DS40 6340DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 214-32 East side of building63DS40 6340DS15 14-15 Soil X X X X 214-32 East side of building63DS40 6340DW15 15 Groundwater X X X X 214-32 East side of building63DS41 6341DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 214-37 East side of building63DS41 6341DS14 13-13.9 Soil X X X X 214-37 East side of building63DS42 6342DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-37 West side of building MS/MSD submitted63DS42 6342DS12 11-12 Soil X X X X 214-37 West side of building63DS42 63542DS12 11-12 Soil X X X X 214-37 West side of building QA Split (6342DS12)63DS43 6343DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-37 South side of building63DS43 6343DS13 12-13 Soil X X X X 214-37 South side of building63DS44 6344DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 214-44 South side of building63DS44 6344DS11 10-11 Soil X X X X 214-44 South side of building63DS44 6344DW11 11 Groundwater X X X X 214-44 South side of building63DS44 6344DW11B 11 Groundwater X 214-44 South side of building63DS45 6345DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 214-44 North side of building63DS45 63545DS05 4-5 Soil X X X X 214-44 North side of building QA Split (6345DS05)63DS45 6345DS12 11-11.5 Soil X X X X 214-44 North side of building63DS45 6345DW12 12 Groundwater X X X X 214-44 North side of building63DS46 6346DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-44 West side of buildingQ:\1616\9630\site63_supp_rfi\Draft\Volume I\Suppl_Site 63 Vol I Tables.xls Page 3 of 84 8/30/2005TABLE 2-1SUMMARY OF P&E AREA SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSISSITE 63 - P&E AREASampleLocationSampleIdentificationSample Depth(ft bgs)SampleMatrixVOCs1SVOCs2Nitroaromatics/Nitramines3Nitrocellulose4Pesticides5PCBs6Metals7Lead8Mercury9Nitrate/ Nitrite10TPH11Geotech12TSS132,4-DNT14Nitrocellulose15PCB Screen16BuildingNumber Sample Location Description CommentsParametersOff-Site On-Site63DS46 6346DS13 12-13 Soil X X X X 214-44 West side of building63DS46 6346DW13 13 Groundwater X X X X 214-44 West side of building63DS47 6347DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-74 North side of building63DS47 6347DS12 11-12 Soil X X X X 214-74 North side of building63DS48 6348DS06 5-6 Soil X X X X 214-73 SW side of building63DS48 6348DS12 11-11.5 Soil X X X X 214-73 SW side of building63DS49 6349DS10 9-10 Soil X X X X 214-74 South side of building63DS49 6349DS15 14-14.7 Soil X X X X 214-74 South side of building63DS50 6350DS04 3-4 Soil X X X X 239-4A East side of building63DS50 6350DS07 6-7 Soil X X X X 239-4A East side of building63DS50 6350DS11 10-11.3 Soil X X X X 239-4A East side of building63DS51 6351DS04 3-4 Soil X X X X 239-7 North side of building63DS51 6351DS08 7-8 Soil X X X X 239-7 North side of building63DS51 6351DS15 14-15.3 Soil X X X X 239-7 North side of building63DS52 6352DS02 0-2 Soil X 706-3 SE corner of building63DS52 63552DS02 0-2 Soil X 706-3 SE corner of building Duplicate (6352DS02)63DS52 6352DS08 7-7.5 Soil X 706-3 SE corner of building63DS52 6352DW08 8 Groundwater X 706-3 SE corner of building63DS52 6352DW08B 8 Groundwater X 706-3 SE corner of building63DS53 6353DS01 0-1 Soil X 706-3 Approx. 30 south of building63DS53 6353DS08 7-8 Soil X 706-3 Approx. 30 south of building63DS53 6353DW08 8 Groundwater X 706-3 Approx. 30 south of building63DS54 6354DS02 1-2 Soil X X 401-2 SW corner of building63DS54 6354DS05 4-5 Soil X X 401-2 SW corner of building63DS54 6354DS08 7-7.8 Soil X X 401-2 SW corner of building63DS55 6355DS02 1-2 Soil X X 401-2 Approx. 200 SE of building63DS55 6355DS05 4-5 Soil X X 401-2 Approx. 200 SE of building63DS55 6355DS08 7-8.2 Soil X X 401-2 Approx. 200 SE of building63DS56 6356DS02 0-2 Soil X X X 501-20 South side of building63DS56 6356DS06 4-5.5 Soil X X X 501-20 South side of building63DS57 6357DS02 0-2 Soil X X 401-2 North side of building63DS57 6357DS07 6-7.2 Soil X X 401-2 North side of building63DS58 6358DS02 1-2 Soil X X X 510-10 East side of building63DS58 63558DS02 1-2 Soil X X X 510-10 East side of building Duplicate (6358DS02)63DS58 6358DS05 4-5 Soil X X X 510-10 East side of building63DS58 6358DS11 10-11 Soil X X X 510-10 East side of building63DS59 6359DS02 1-2 Soil X X 401-1 NE corner of building63DS59 63559DS02 1-2 Soil X X 401-1 NE corner of building Duplicate (6359DS02)63DS59 6359DS05 4-5 |
|---|---|
| Origin: | 2005-09-02 |
| Source: |
http://indianamemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15078coll17/id/33744 |
| Collection: |
Clark County Collections |
| Rights: | http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ |
| Copyright: |
Charlestown-Clark County Public Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes and makes no warranty with regard to their use for other purposes. The written permission of the copyright owners and/or holders of other rights such as publicity and/or privacy rights is required for distribution, reproduction, or other use of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use or other statutory exemptions. There may be content that is protected as works for hire copyright held by the party that commissioned the original work and/or under the copyright or neighboring-rights laws of other nations. Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item. |
| Geography: |
Charlestown, Clark County, Indiana 38.4357546,-85.6577676 |
| Subjects: |
Maps Indiana Ordnance Works (U.S.) Hoosier Ordnance Plant Indiana Arsenal Indiana Army Ammunition Plant Explosives Industry--Indiana Gunpowder, Smokeless Ordnance manufacture Black powder manufacture Facility One ICI Americas Inc Clark County (Ind.) Charlestown (Ind.) United States. Army Ordnance and Ordnance Stores INAAP |
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