Explore sustainable Indiana : celebrating Hoosier solutions to our climate crisis
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Fujitsu fi-6770 scanner with ScandAll PRO and Adobe Acrobat XI using Color, 300 dpi, 24-bit Explore SUSTAINABLE INDIANACelebrating Hoosier Solutions to Our Climate CrisisCELEBRATING 200 YEARS© 2016, Sustainable Indiana 2016, a project of Earth Charter Indiana, a 501 (c)(3) organization. All Rights Reserved.Sustainable Indiana 2016, a Bicentennial Legacy Project of Earth Charter Indiana 1100 West 42nd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46208 www.sustainableindiana2016.org www.earthcharterindiana.orgCover Art by Lea Ann Powers, Border© Atippa1 , Dreamstime.com Indiana Bicentennial Logo is a registered trademark of the Indiana Bicentennial Commission Edited by: Shannon Anderson, Richard Clough, Jim Poyser, Lea Ann Powers, John Gibson, and Judy VossPrinted in Indiana. 100% Recycled Paper. First Printing.ISBN: 978-0-692-66685-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935823ii | SUSTAINABLE INDIANAForewardThis book is a container for hope. Not the pie-in-the-sky kind, but hope you can savor right here, right now. In these pages you will find stories of people all over Indiana responding to the worlds ills with healing actions. What ills? Loss of topsoil, pollution of rivers and air, disruption of climate, dwindling of wildlife, urban sprawl and rural blight, congested and deteriorating roads, a cult of consumerism, overflowing landfills, underperforming schools, offshoring of jobs, an epidemic of obesity alongside hunger, a concentration of wealth alongside poverty, abdication of civic responsibility by many politicians and corporate executives, and a pervasive mood of cynicism. What healing? Organic agriculture to protect soils and watersheds, farmers markets to support growers, cooking with real food to nurture health, land trusts to preserve habitat and wildlife, power from sun and wind to reduce pollution and greenhouse emissions, buses and bicycles to relieve congestion and sprawl , revival of local economies to foster jobs, renewal of public schools to prepare citizens for a modern democracy, green building to conserve energy and materials, community building to address shared needs, and a pervasive mood of confidence. The Hoosiers doing this work of conservation and restoration include children and teenagers, parents and grandparents, teachers, preachers, farmers, truckers, artists, journalists, businesspeople, and public officials-citizens of every age and stripe. What they have in common is the ability to imagine a kinder, fairer, more joyful and peaceful and sustainable way of life, and the desire to help create it. Instead of lamenting whats wrong, they roll up their sleeves and work to set it right. We all have that power. Each of us-every person reading these lines-is a vessel of hope. You dont need to be rich. You dont need to be a bigshot. You only need to possess a lively imagination and a big heart. In these pages you will find a wealth of ideas about what you might do, what your family and friends and community might do, to help in mending the world. Scott Russell Sanders Thanksgiving Day, 2015 CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS | iii Preface Why this book? The world as weve known it is unraveling. Among many indicators, the weather is getting unpredictable and frequently severe. Many of us have friends or relatives battling fierce wind, water, fire, and snow storms with accompanying power outages, transit disruptions, and property losses. Scientists tell us that the intensity and frequency of these extreme weather events are caused largely by climate change which gets personal very fast if your corn crop is wiped out by a prolonged drought or too much rain at the wrong time, as experienced by many Indiana farmers. World leaders including Pope Francis, the Dalai Lama, and Secretary General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, have issued an urgent appeal to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Hundreds of cities around the world have signed on to The Compact of Mayors: an agreement of city networks-and then of their members-to undertake a transparent and supportive approach to reduce city-level emissions, to reduce vulnerability and to enhance resilience to climate change. We worry about our children and their future in a world forever altered by climate change and consequent geopolitical upheavals. Where will our food come from? How will we get around, handle waste, go shopping, get electric power, and build places to live and work? What will our schools and communities be like? Can we really have a quality life without fossil fuels and a six figure income? iv | SUSTAINABLE INDIANA YES, we can. This book is about what some pioneering Hoosiers are already doing to ensure a quality future for themselves, their children and their grandchildren. It is a book of stories; practical solutions for how we can grow local and eat healthy, how we can clean up the air we breath and preserve safe water to drink, how we can conserve energy and power our way forward with wind and solar. These are real-life stories about contemporary Hoosier trailblazers who are finding ways to live lighter on the land, enjoy more time with nature and neighbor, create work that is more satisfying and connect with kindred spirits in fashioning resilient communities. That future we pine for is already here in prototypes across Indiana. How did this book come about? Back in the spring of 2001, Jerry King (currently Executive Director of the Indiana Public Health Association) and I convened a small gathering of activists to review the newly-minted Earth Charter (a global consensus of guiding principles for achieving a sustainable future).There evolved a strong feeling that the Charter would be a unifying and motivating framework for our many interdependent causes including environmental protection, inclusive human rights, economic equity, and a culture of nonviolence. To make the Charter known, we decided to hold an Earth Charter Summit in late September. Marian University, then known as Marian College, in Indianapolis kindly offered to host the event and over 400 people attended. Enthusiasm was high. We held annual Summits in a variety of venues including the Unitarian Universalist Church of Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Art Museum, St. Lukes United Methodist Church, Old Centrum (now the home of Indiana Landmarks), and Butler University. To carry the momentum forward, a 501 (c)3 nonprofit, Earth Charter Indiana, was formed in 2005. In 2006, at the Earth Charter Summit at St. Lukes UMC, we launched a bicentennial initiative named Sustainable Indiana 2016 to discover, document, and celebrate Hoosierbased sustainability models as a bicentennial legacy. Now, a decade later, 200 Green Legacy Projects and over 20 Green Legacy Communities have been identified. All together, these Green Lights of Indiana constitute a tribute to Hoosier ingenuity, a useful guide to sustainable options, and a body of evidence that Indiana is more progressive than most people think. The Indiana Bicentennial Commission endorsed Sustainable Indiana 2016 in February 2014. They wrote, We appreciate your interest and willingness to make Indianas 200th birthday a success in which Hoosiers in all 92 counties, can take pride. Gathering and writing up the stories for Explore Sustainable Indiana has been a decade long process involving several Earth Charter Indiana staff members, Sustainable Indiana 2016 Regional Coordinators, and lots of capable volunteers, including students from Butler University, Ball State University, Hanover College, Notre Dame, IPFW, IU, IUPUI, and Valparaiso University. A cadre of professional journalists, artists, designers, and editors came together in 2014-15 to advise and enhance the final product. I am especially grateful to Jim Poyser, Executive Director of Earth Charter Indiana, and to Sustainable Indiana 2016 staffers: Judy Voss, Shannon Anderson, and Richard Clough for their many dedicated hours of research, writing, editing, creating, and networking. Of course, the real celebrities here are the men, women , and children whose names and stories are recorded in the book. It has been an immense pleasure to meet most of them personally as Ive traveled across the state over the past 10 years. They have revived my faith in the goodness of humanity. Their example has given me hope and courage to keep going when the prospects for a livable future seemed dim. I trust you too will get a lift while reading their stories. Even more important than admiration, however, is the prospect of learning from them and replicating their achievements. John Gibson, State Coordinator Sustainable Indiana 2016 A Bicentennial Initiative of Earth Charter Indiana Endorsed by the Indiana Bicentennial Commission CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS | v DEDICATION -for our childrens children The greatest danger to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it. -Robert Swan vi | SUSTAINABLE INDIANA TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreward by Scott Russell Sanders Preface by John Gibson Chapter 1: Greener Food Systems Agriculture … 1Chapter 2: Eating to Thrive Nutrition … 13Chapter 3: Building the Way Infrastructure … 27Chapter 4 : Energizing Energy Energy … 49Chapter 5: On the Go Transportation … 65Chapter 6: Buying a Way Out Shopping … 83Chapter 7: Taking Out the Trash Waste … 95Chapter 8: Learning to Survive Education … 109Chapter 9: Doing the Job Working … 127Chapter 10: Better Together Community 137Epilogue … 154Green Lights Hall of Fame … 155Acknowledgements … 164A Letter to Future Hoosiers … 166CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS | viiviii | SUSTAINABLE INDIANACHAPTER 1 Greener Food Systems If every US citizen ate just one meal a week (any meal) composed of locally and organically raised meats and produce, we would reduce our countrys oil consumption by over 1.1 million barrels of oil every week. Thats not gallons, but barrels. -Barbara Kingsolver, Animal, Vegetable, Miracle We all eat, most of us three times a day. We select our food on the basis of cost, taste, calories, nutrition along with an abundance of other factors. Only rarely do we consider how these choices affect the future of our planet. Yet, our food choices have a huge impact on the environment. More than how we drive, how we heat and cool our homes, or how we fertilize our lawns, food production, packaging, and transport uses vast amounts of nonrenewable resources. Our current system of producing food and bringing it to the table is simply not sustainable. In this chapter, we present some stories of people and practices that are kind to the earth. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 1 Well grow more of our own food During World War II , Victory Gardens abounded throughout our nation. Public parks, front yards and vacant lots all were turned into sources of healthy, fresh , high quality food. By 1943, there were 18,000 such gardens across the country producing a full one-third of all vegetables grown in the US. We know we can raise our own food because weve done it before. Backyard gardening has always been popular. In recent years, community gardens have sprung up across the state providing urban dwellers the opportunity to grow their own. The advantages of growing your own are numerous. Its inexpensive. A single seed packet can produce a dozen or more servings. Its nutritious. Most people need to eat more fruits and vegetables. Its environmentally friendly since delivery requires a short walk rather than long truck ride from California. And, as any gardener will tell you ,the taste of fresh picked produce is vastly superior to what you can buy in the supermarket. (You havent really eaten peas until you ve gently cooked them a few minutes after picking .) Community gardens have the added benefit of bringing neighbors closer together. The Unleavened Bread Cafe is something of an unofficial community center for the Fall Creek neighborhood. Its a gathering point for many in the area. In the spring and summer and youll find lush, green plants. Fall Creek Gardens Stop by Fall Creek Gardens in Indianapolis on a Saturday morning in summer and youll find people busily working in their plots. The 50 families who garden here weed, water, harvest and pick off unwanted bugs. All of them are enjoying what theyre doing although the reasons may vary considerably. Garlidene King has had a plot here since the gardens first opened . She credits her mother with her interest in raising fresh produce. Growing up, we had good food even though we were very poor. Her mother raised fresh 2 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA fruits and vegetables and was able to feed her family well because of that. Following in her mothers footsteps, Garlidene raises beans, squash and other produce for herself and her family. She especially likes green beans and tomatoes. She is extremely pleased that even her 18 month old grandchild likes the veggies from her garden. Levert Sharpe has a plot because he just loves to garden. And he likes what it produces because, You know what youre getting. At the supermarket, you dont know if its genetically modified, treated with sewage or whats been done to it. When I grow it, I know just what Im getting. Hell also tell you of the wonders of compost and proudly shows you plants that have prospered with healthy doses of compost tea. He likes to think of himself as the keeper of the pile. Amy and Dave Bear had never gardened before but attended a winter class on gardening put on by Fall Creek Gardens and became hooked. They find it fun to do but now they love the food it produces. They like that it sends a message to people driving by that you can live downtown and still grow your own food. They, along with all the gardeners, agree that these gardens help neighbors get to know each other. Numerous friendships have developed as a result of the gardens. Nearby Broadway United Methodist Church has for some years sent roving listeners out into the neighborhood to visit with neighbors, listen to their stories and learn what they want of the area. Out of that came the idea for a community garden. With help from the Efroymson Foundation and other supporters, the garden came into being beside the Unleavened Bread, a neighbor cafe and community center. In 2011 they incorporated as a non-profit entity. In addition to the plots for 50 families, there are gardens for kids and several that raise produce for the Mid North Food Pantry. On top of that, the patrons of the Unleavened Bread dine on the fresh produce next door. Maggie Goeglein Hanna is the Executive Director of Fall Creek Gardens. She keeps track of the gardens but does a whole lot more. Fall Creek Gardens conducts classes throughout the year on topics ranging from gardening organically, raising backyard chickens, beekeeping and CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 3 canning and preserving .The intent is for urban dwellers to become self-sufficient in producing their food. Apiece of vacant land, that was once something of an eyesore, has been transformed into something not only pleasing to the eye but which provides fresh, wholesome food while bringing the community together. -by Richard Clough Fort Wayne Urban Farmers Imagine how much work it would take to plant a variety of seeds, weed, and spread fertilizer on a six acre garden. Imagine the sweat, aches, and dirt on your hands after a long day in the sun. Then imagine that hard work coming to fruition as your seeds grow into fine plants ready for picking . Now take all of that hard-earned produce and give it away. This is what Mr. Ephraim Smiley and the Fort Wayne Urban Farmers-or Garden Angels, as they like to be called , do with the food they produce. Their all-organic garden lies beside the Fellowship Missionary Church, on Tillman Road, who donated the land to help those in need. Smiley learned his gardening knowledge from his great grandparents, who were sharecroppers in Alabama. Generous community donations of money, seed, and volunteer labor have enabled the Urban Gardeners to buy a tractor, expand the garden and diversify the plants to cater to the needs of different cultural groups. This place is more than a garden; it provides a sense of purpose for the people who volunteer here and it allows those on a fixed income to get a freezer full of vegetables at no cost. On average, this garden produces over 2,000 pounds of food per year. Smiley partners with 4 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Maplewood Elementary and teaches the youth about gardening. They learn not only how to plant, but how to identify insects by the eggs laid or bite marks on the produce. Mr. Smiley suggested that in order for him to expand the project, he needs things such as a planter, continued donations, and more volunteers. We asked him why he does this. He replied with, The reason why I do this is that I believe everyone needs something in their life that they are committed to. This is my commitment. -By Jared Burger and Caleb Hagan Well buy our food from small local farms. That head of lettuce at your supermarket is a long distance traveler. Grown in the San Joaquin Valley in California, it has been trucked 2200 miles to your neighborhood Kroger. Despite the fact that Indiana has over 15,000,000 acres of arable land, an estimated 90% of our food is imported. Doesnt it make sense to grow food locally? Indiana has a number of small farms producing food for local markets. A head of lettuce grown on a local farm needs to travel only a few miles to market rather than cross country. Its a huge energy savings. Additionally the quality is likely to be superior since its fresher. Heres a look at one of them . . Hawkins Family Farm Just a few miles southeast of North Manchester in Wabash County is a 99 acre family farm that combines three major features of climate readiness: Food security, Green Jobs, and Cohesive Community. Jeff and Kathy Hawkins and their son , Zachary, are the principal farmers. Zach has just returned to his farm roots after exploring the wider world. With the help of occasional volunteers and clergy interns, the Hawkins family grows lots of veggies naturally without chemicals or artificial fertilizers, while raising free-range beef, pork, chickens and turkeys in an interdependent circle of soil nurture and nutritious food. Beyond providing for the Hawkins table, the abundant harvest offers seasonal food for families through GSA (Community Supported Agriculture) shares. Hawkins farm food also graces the menu of several area CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 5 restaurants and can be purchased on site in the Farm Store which is open 8-6 Monday through Saturday. Food also builds community at and beyond the farm . During the summer, neighbors far and near flock to the Friday-nights homemade pizza parties. Late in September the farm features an annual farm-to-fork-dining-in-the-gardens upscale harvest dinner (with white table cloths) aptly named Between Heaven and Earth. Another community building feature of the Hawkins Farm is called Hope CSA (Hands-On Pastoral Education using Clergy Sustaining Agriculture). Small groups of area clergy come to the farm one day a month to learn a more organic way of life and ministry where soil and soul unite under the tutelage of Jeff Hawkins, himself an ordained Lutheran clergyman . The entire operation of the farm provides full and part time jobs that enrich and sustain soil, body and soul. Work may or may not be rewarded with money but money is not the motive or measure of a green job. Green jobs are measured by their contribution to a safe, sufficient and satisfying life for this and for this and future generations. -by John Gibson Well buy food from large environmentally friendly and sustainable producers. Large food producers will inevitably be part of the future. But being big doesnt mean a producer cant also be green. It is possible for a large corporation to have a minimal negative impact on the environment and still produce on a large scale. As the worlds awareness of the need to consider climate impact grows, people will demand that producers and suppliers be green. Bell Aquaponics is a corporation that is already operating in a way that is gentle to the planet. RDM Aquaculture Cows, pigs and chickens? Indianas got plenty. Goats? Sure. Alpacas? You bet. How about seafood? 6 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Meet RDM Aquaculture, Indianas premier shrimpers. Thats right-theyre Hoosier shrimpers. RDMs FacilityYep, the state of Indiana with exactly zero miles of saltwater coastline -is home to a shrimp-and-crawdad operation in that legendary seaside town of Fowler. Karlanea and Daryl Brown have been raising seafood in seven indoor tanks in the middle of landlocked Benton County for five years running, and are now offering their services as consultants for anyone whod like to get into the same business. We were able to connect with Karlanea via email -she and Daryl have been literally crisscrossing the Midwest helping folks start their own aquaculture operations. NUVO: What are the challenges in your business? Karlanea Brown: Our biggest challenge right now is growing enough shrimp to supply our customers. We are a 40-count-per-pound shrimp operation and we cannot get past this weight because we sell them faster than we can grow them . NUVO: Whats an average day like? Brown: Our average day [consists of] first testing the water so we know how to take care of the shrimp. We test for nine different items, every day, once a day. It usually takes about three hours. Then we feed, clean and sell or move shrimp. Every day is different, other than the testing. Every tank is different so it will have to be taken care of differently to the tank next to it. The tests tell us how we feed the shrimp and if anything else needs to be done, such as add baking soda for a low alkalinity level, for example. We add zero hormones or antibiotics to our tanks. The only things that go into our tanks are water, salt, shrimp, feed and some baking soda. NUVO: How environmentally sustainable is this business? Brown: We are very environmentally sustainable. We reuse our water. It is never discharged down the drain. The bacteria we use to sustain our water also acts as our water treatment. It consumes all the waste-and it is very cost effective. We do not use a lot of energy. We use radiant heat and we have a [liquid propane] boiler that we use to heat the tanks. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 7 NUVO: Explain the process that allows you to reuse the water: Brown: We do not discharge our water because the bacteria take care of the waste. When our tanks bacteria or settled solids get too high we then pump them into a tank next to the shrimp tank. Then we let all the waste settle to the bottom and the clean water comes to the top .The clean water is pumped back into the tank with the shrimp. When the bacteria get to the level we want we then let the bacteria consume all the waste in the settling tank. In about 14 days I have ice-tea-colored water in our settling tanks. NUVO: How does the flavor stack up against Gulf shrimp? Brown: Our shrimp have a much better flavor. The only adjective I have ever been able to come up with is clean. They have a much cleaner taste. No comparison-our shrimp taste much better. They have very little in their mud vein and their shells are very thin. By selling them live [the customer gets] the head and when the shrimp are cooked with the heads on you get this wonderful sweetness into the meat. We actually eat everything on the shrimp except the head. A lot of our clients love the head. They can have mine! NUVO: Whom are you selling to? Brown: We sell 99.9 percent retail out our front door. We [sell to] some restaurants like the Renaissance in Chicago, or the DigIN festival in Indy. We just added on to our building and will be adding 14 more production tanks along with a few tilapia tanks and an aquaponics system . We raise Pacific White shrimp and Australian Red Claw Crawfish. NUVO: You consult, too. You ve helped to set up 18 farms. Why are you so interested in aquacultural growth beyond your farm? Brown: We started consulting just to help people get started. Our first year we lost over one million shrimp due to simple things and now we know what to look for ... We thought we could help others so they [could avoid] the hard times. We actually take 18 months off your learning curve. We can get you into shrimp farming with an eight-tank system including everything you will need for your building and six months chemical supplies for testing for about $1 00,000.00. This includes everything you will need minus your building. We have put these [operations] in chicken barns, turkey barns, hog barns, school gymnasiums, new buildings and cider mill barns. You should get some return on your investment at about the 24-month mark. The only pitfall is banks dont understand what were about-they already have a preconceived idea. They are starting to come around. The shrimp have paid for us to add two employees, build a 8 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA new building and expand our production without loans. My interest in the growth of this business is simple. Most people do not understand where their shrimp come from. They do not know they are loaded with hormones and antibiotics. We need more shrimp farmers because we can supply enough shrimp to everyone who wants and needs great tasting shrimp with no hormones or antibiotics. The only way we can do this is by getting more farmers involved. No one farmer can supply all the corn or soybeans needed for consumers. NUVO: What worries you? Power outages, I imagine? Brown: Power and disease are our worries. Weve had several power outages here in Benton County, some as long as 11 hours. The shrimp can only survive for one hour without power. We do have a backup generator. Disease is another worry -this is why we test continuously. We also have very strict protocols on how we do our testing. We have been fortunate we have not had any disease problems. rdmshrimp.com -by Ed Wenck Reprinted with permission from NUVO Well have community owned markets. Locally owned grocery stores assure that decisions about products will be made not in a board room thousands of miles away, but in the community itself. The needs and desires of the community will be paramount. Further, there is a much higher likelihood that community owned stores will utilize local growers and suppliers. And any profits stay in the community. Stop by the River City Food Co-op in Evansville and youll find just such a store. River City Co-op A few years ago, some Evansville resident got together with a shared concern: they wanted access to high quality organic and bulk foods. In a delightful old Victorian house at 120 Washington St. in Evansville, youll find the result of that gathering. Its the River City Co-op. Established in 2005, its mission is to improve access to healthy, sustainable food, while CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 9 promoting community for those who produce food and those consume it. As a co-op, members pay a fee to join, however anyone can shop there. Members receive a discount as well as a say in the operation of the business. They established some core values to guide them :their products would be locally produced whenever possible in an effort to strengthen the local economy, they would be organic, producers must subscribe to fair trade principles, and finally, they insist on humane animal treatment. More than a store, the Co-op offers classes on a variety of topics. Recent classes include Delicious 101: Easy Whole Foods and Vegan Stir Fry. Hoping to promote organic, healthy eating, the Co-op offers discounts to SNAP and EBT users. Pouges Run Grocer The plan for a grocery that would sell healthy, fresh, local food to the underserved Downtown and Near-Eastside communities of Indianapolis was hashed out by a dozen people sitting around a table at the old Abbey Coffeehouse in 2007, says Mary Bowling, a founding member. They dreamed of a co-operative with its adherence to the principles of open membership, democratic policy making, autonomy, economic participation, education and community concern . About the same time the Near East Side Community Organization, was developing its Quality of Life Plan. We need a grocery store was a refrain often heard at neighborhood forums. So the group that wanted to start a co-op tapped into the plans of NESCO, the John H. Boner Community Center and other community organizations that were trying to address issues such as substandard housing and lack of economic opportunity. The stars aligned for an independent, community-owned grocery store when the City of Indianapolis and the National Football League embarked on a legacy project for Super Bowl XLVI. 10 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Interest and money were coming to the Near Eastside, and a location was found in a vacant building on East 10th Street. Pogues Run Grocer, the brick and mortar operation of the Indy Food Co-op, officially opened for business in December 2010. Today, Indys only cooperative grocery store is known for its brightly painted mural of sunflowers and vegetables wrapping the facade. The grocery is the go-to place for fresh and often organic produce from local micro farms such as South Circle Farm, Growing Places Indy, Big City Farms and Waterman s Family Farm. Pogues Run Grocery Pastured meat comes from Gunthorp in LaGrange and Fischer Farms in Jasper. Buying from local vendors and artisan producers keeps the money in the community and reduces energy used in transportation. Shoppers at Pogues forsake the box by bringing their own containers to fill with beans, nuts, grains, flours from the bulk bins. Its both an economical and sustainable way to consume. Egg cartons and glass milk bottles get reused and deli containers are compostable. We have very low waste, says Nate Roberts, general manager and chief food slinger. He points out that unsold produce gets used in one of the three soups made daily in the Pogues deli. Number 10 cans, cardboard boxes and bottles are recycled at nearby Recycle Force. Support for urban farms and support for urban people in the form of movie nights, field trips and cooking classes are all part of Pogues Run Grocers community outreach agenda. -By Janet Schneider CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 11 Well eat more locally grown and produced food. Take a look at atypical dinner plate set before us. Its contents have traveled more than some of us do in a lifetime. The lettuce comes from California, the tomatoes from Mexico. Add a potato from Idaho and some asparagus from Chile and our food has traveled many thousands of miles by the time it reaches our dinner table. Each food item in atypical US meal has traveled an average of 1500 miles. And each of these miles along the way consumes fossil fuel , giving our veggies a hefty carbon footprint. These many miles just arent sustainable. Fortunately, Indiana is working to change that. Indiana Grown Initiative Indiana has over 12 million acres of farmland , much of it very fertile. Yet, amazingly, we import 90% of our food . Does this make sense? In the year 2014, the Indiana legislature unanimously passed and the Governor signed a bill to promote Indiana grown agricultural products. Labels such as 100% Indiana and Indiana Grown will let consumers know this item is locally grown. This will be accompanied by an educational effort to make Hoosiers aware of this initiative and encourage participation. If successful, our food delivery system will be much more earth friendly. Bringing lettuce to Lafayette from Clinton County requires a lot less petroleum than from Fresno, California to Ft. Wayne. There are also important economic advantages. Shifting just 10% to locally grown products would add over a billion dollars to the states economy. Both the environment and our economy come out winners. 12 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Chapter 2 Eating to Thrive -i I decided to pick the diet that I thought would maximize my chances of long-term survival. -Al Gore Well eat more plants and less meat. Beef -Its whats for dinner. So says the ad. Whether beef, pork or chicken, the typical American diet centers around a meat portion. An average American consumes about 9 ounces a day. But were learning that animal agriculture has a devastating impact on the environment and causes more disruption of the climate than all forms of transportation combined. And because it takes as much as 10 times more grain to produce the same amount of calories through livestock as through direct grain consumption , eating a plant-based diet could free up resources for the hungry. The journey away from a meat based diet follows different paths and is done for different reasons. For some, it is compassion for animals that leads to a change in diet. The Beatles Paul McCartney and his wife Linda were dining on a dish of lamb while looking out on a hillside of frolicking lambs. Suddenly, Paul said, The lightbulb came on. The connection was made and they became vegetarians. Lori Lovely is an Indianapolis resident who had a similar lightbulb experience. Here is her story of what followed her conversion experience. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 13 A Vegan Journey It was a lovely spring day many years ago when a teenager was riding in the passenger seat of a racecar hauler that was being driven through rural Iowa on its way to a race. Gazing serenely upon the passing view, she observed pastoral scenes of cows, young Lori Lovely and her alpacas calves in tow, grazing tranquilly on fresh green grass. It was a familiar sight: the backdrop of her life in small-town Midwest America. But suddenly it struck her. Although not familiar with the unbearably gruesome details of the slaughterhouse, she intuitively understood the future that lay ahead of these gentle creatures. The connection between those rest stop burgers and these mothers with their babies, once made, could never be undone. She never ate meat again. That teenager was me. That was my moment of clarity. Giving up meat was easy for me-much easier than enduring the questions, jokes, taunts and sneers slung at me due to my choice. Because of the ridicule hurled my way, I was low-key about it, quietly trying to eat vegetarian options without notice or fanfare. I got so tired of answering questions about what I did and didnt eat and why I did or didnt eat it. (No, I dont eat fish. Yes, they are animals.) Back then I didnt proselytize. The choice I made was right for me, but I didnt push my values on anyone else. I just wanted to eat in peace. It took about ten more years for the next moment of clarity: The animals just wanted to live in peace. At that point I gave up leather. I also began donating to animal rights organizations, adopting pets from shelters and rescues and respectfully talking to friends about eating meat, hunting, fishing and countless other activities that hurt animals. 14 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA As my voice became stronger, my use of animal products diminished even further. And then , one day about five years ago, my husband and I decided to go vegan. Overnight. Done. It seemed the natural progression for me: the next step. I thought it would be much easier for me than for my husband, who wasnt even vegetarian . I had a lot to learn. The first person I turned to was Ingrid Newkirk, who had become a close friend. She immediately sent us several books by Dr. Neal Barnard, another good friend. They were a tremendous aid-a sort of instruction manual. While they contained some recipes, their value was more in the instructional guidance they offered. We followed the steps prescribed in one of Neals books. First, we cleared the refrigerator and cupboards of everything that wasnt vegan. Anything unopened was donated, the rest either fed to the dogs or tossed out. Next, we went to the supermarket to restock the shelves. It took us ages to shop that day because we had to carefully scrutinize the labels on every single item. We were astonished to see how many items were made with milk. We could hardly find a loaf of bread at our regular supermarket. We felt defeated before wed even begun. This wasnt going to be as easy as wed thought. We persevered. My husband sampled a few brands of faux meat, but after 30 years of a vegetarian diet, that didnt interest me. We looked through vegan cookbooks for interesting dishes. There were hits and misses. We struggled with the transition for a while. One night, just as we were finishing chores on the farm, a vegan friend and neighbor who likes to cook brought us a couple servings of the black bean lasagna and Thai salad she had just made. That turned the tide for us. So there were delicious vegan entrees, after all! Modifying her recipe a bit, weve made the dish many times, especially when we have guests for dinner. Everyone loves it, whether theyre vegan or not. That led, in turn, to other recipes, more experimentation and additional sharing. There were setbacks as we learned the vegan lingo that led to us eliminating additional items from our shopping list. I already knew that gelatin and marshmallows are made with beef tallow (although the nutritional label wont tell you so), but we discovered that casein, a dairy product, is a common ingredient in many foods and some lecithin comes from meat, dairy or eggs. Label reading became trickier. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 15 Vegan items are often stocked in the organic section at the supermarket, but organic doesnt mean meat-and dairy-free. Nor does vegetarian. Few products carry a vegan label (although I wish the FDA would insist that they did; it would be so much simpler!) We had to remain vigilant to avoid items with meat and dairy. We became detectives, investigating the food we considered putting in our mouths for hidden animal products. We began eliminating foods when their labels read may contain milk. If the producer couldnt be sure, neither could we. Its easy enough to prepare vegan meals at home. However, its been tougher on my husband when he travels with the race team, often stuck at a race track until late at night, or stranded at some hotel in a foreign city-or country-with limited options and no transportation. Then there are the countless late nights at the race shop, when they order pizza that he can t eat. Im proud of him for sticking to it, taking his lunch to the shop, stashing granola bars in his backpack to nosh while the rest of the team is dining on take-out. Despite some bumps and detours, the road has become easier with time as new habits develop. We ve made new vegan friends and found out that a few we already had are now vegan too. Everyone has a favorite dish or recipe or restaurant theyre eager to share. Ingrid sends us vegan care packages every year with new yummies to tempt us and teach us that eating a plant-based diet is healthy, tasty and completely doable. As my neighbor said , it can be a fun challenge to figure out how to veganize a recipe. Its certainly easier-and more acceptable-to be vegan these days than it was when I first gave up meat 35 years ago. I no longer have to hide my dinner plate or feel like an imposition at the company Christmas party. Im no longer embarrassed to inquire about the ingredients, or to politely decline if they include animal products. Now Im more apt to ask others why they eat meat when there is so much documentation of its adverse health effects, the devastating impact of animal agriculture on our environment and, of course, for me perhaps the most important aspect of it all, the suffering it causes animals. Reading labels has become second nature. Neal Barnard was right about retraining taste buds. I dont miss Parmesan cheese. (Yes, we eat pizza without cheese and we like it.). I know I feel better about us because we are not contributing to animal cruelty or global warming. There is no cruelty on our plates. 16 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA I ask everyone to join us-for your own health, for the future of our planet and for the innocent animals whose lives are so unjustly stolen in the name of cuisine. -by Lori Lovely Some adopt a vegetarian diet out of compassion for animals. Others take this step because its good for the planet. A third reason, and a very compelling one, is for health reasons. Vegan for Health and So Much More It started for me in 1992 at the age of 58. Until then it never occurred to me that eating meat might be a problem. Even after my first cancer diagnosis and subsequent surgery in 1985, diet never became an issue. But then, in December of 1991, when the doctor pronounced the dreaded C word for the second time, a friend told me of some studies where a macrobiotic (meat free) diet had worked wonders for some people. Determined not to go through another surgery I immediately did my own research, sought out advice from a macrobiotic practitioner/ counselor, and started the adventure of eating very differently. My wife, Anita, was also persuaded and gave me her full support. The macrobiotic diet was mostly grains and veggies, no meat, no refined sugar and no dairy products. It wasnt easy to find these items in conventional grocery stores so we sought out and found two health food stores where grains and nuts were available in bulk and brought home in recyclable brown paper sacks. It was even more difficult to find restaurants with vegetarian offerings so we learned to make what we ate mostly from scratch. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 17 This meant more meal preparation time, including my assistance in the kitchen cutting up vegetables and fruits for the salads while Anita made miso soup and protein rich meatsubstitutes from soy and grain products. The word got around that we were eating macro. One day a local hotel called up to ask Anita if she would cook for Dr. Benjamin Spock and his wife who had agreed to a speaking engagement in the city on the condition that they could adhere to their strict macrobiotic diet. The hotel chefs had no clue how to oblige so Anita took two days off work, made the Spocks their cherished meals and transported them to the hotel kitchen in insulated containers. The celebrated guests were apparently pleased with the service and invited Anita and myself to dine with them at the hotel for their farewell dinner. Before long, closeted vegetarians sought us out and together we started the Vegetarian Society of Indianapolis. We came together monthly to share veggie dishes, recipes and personal stories around where to buy in bulk, where to eat out and how to keep the peace with carnivore friends and family members; especially during holidays when culinary traditions run deep. We even started a rudimentary farmers market where local produce growers connected with eager city consumers. Finally, more and more restaurants started to offer vegetarian options on their menus. Conventional grocers installed organic and natural sections in their stores. Farmers Markets, Food Co-ops, and CSAs (Community Supported Agriculture) appeared. Eating healthy was catching on and the market responded accordingly. Today these things are commonplace and taken for granted. Not so, twenty years ago. Eating macro helped me lose weight and feel better. Although it didnt cure my cancer it did help stave off invasive surgery for 6 years and it taught me a whole lot about the relationship of food choices and good health. Even so, Ive had partial relapses along the way. I convinced myself that fish and white meat werent all that bad. Dairy and sugar crept back into my diet. On social occasions Ive made compromises to honor my host. Recently, a nephew urged me to watch a documentary called Forks over Knives. It made the case for a plant based diet based on numerous scientific studies. Another documentary, Cowspiracy, portrays the inhumane and unsustainable facts of animal agriculture, especially confined feeding operations. Studies point out that the amount of grain and water required to produce edible meat is enormous. Added to the inefficiency of meat production is the toxic 18 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA effect of growth hormones and antibiotics ingested by animals and passed along to human consumers in their meat and milk. Also, the methane from animal agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gases. So, in addition to giving up meat and milk for health reasons there are numerous other benefits from going vegan. Ive re-committed. These conclusions do not come easy for me. I was raised on a small livestock farm . Most of our animals had names and were grass fed . My father was also an Agricultural Extension Agent. Much of my early education was in 4-H Clubs. I took numerous college classes in Animal Husbandry and participated successfully in national livestock judging competitions. I pastored rural churches for many years where farmers and ranchers became close friends. And I fully understand the economics and culture of small farms quite apart from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (sometimes called factory farms which have little to do with farming in my opinion). Nevertheless, these are different times. We know things now we didnt know before. It is hard to change and ought not to be suffered for frivolous reasons. My own journey to veganism began as a path to personal health. But our collective survival is now at stake and has become the impetus for my return to veganism . -by John Gibson Coming out as a vegetarian can be uncomfortable. Some people are threatened and feel judged when you tell them of your diet. Others are compassionate and ask, But where do you get your protein? A vegetarian can disrupt family gatherings when they, for example, refuse the turkey at Thanksgiving dinner. Below is a story of a young woman and her husband in their journey toward a sustainable non-meat diet. Struggles Along the Way Megan Hart is a young woman who teaches art classes at the Indianapolis Art Center. Her husband, Brandon Schaaf, is an actor and original member of the acting troupe Know No Strangers as well as a student at Ivy Tech .Together they are on a journey toward becoming vegans. Megan became a vegetarian in 2009 after viewing the documentary, Eating Animals. She couldnt reconcile her diet with the treatment of animals that she encountered in the food industry. She read everything she could find on the ethical treatment of animals and resolved CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 19 to stop eating meat. That part was easy. However, at the time, she lived with her parents and they considered meat the central part of a diet. She knew they would be offended by her food choice and not understand. So for over a year, she secretly fed her meat to the family dog stationed under the table. She said, We had the best fed dog anywhere. When Megan met Brandon, he was interested in her vegetarian diet and willingly joined her in that choice. When he became aware of the treatment of animals, he became a proponent of going meatless. They became vegetarians out of a concern for animals. When they viewed the film, Cowspiracy they became aware of another reason for forgoing meat. They realized, in Megans words, Were killing the planet. The movie opened their eyes to the tremendous impact that animal agriculture has on our environment. They thought about future generations. Megan said, If Im even going to consider having children, I need to do all I can to save the planet. They also came to believe that even humanely raised meat could not be justified for them. They then decided to move toward becoming vegans and eliminating all animal products from their diet. This was more of a challenge. Finding good foods with no cheese or dairy products isnt as simple as avoiding the meat course. Animal products are everywhere. But together they moved ahead toward the goal of becoming fully vegan. When dining out, they find ethnic food frequently offers many vegan choices and even mainstream restaurants almost always have a vegan option. She notes that Burger King has a Veggie Burger and White Castle offers Veggie Sliders. Another challenge for vegetarians and especially vegans is when and when not to share your beliefs. Megan says she doesnt usually bring up the matter of her diet with others for fear of being seen as judgmental. However, if someone expresses an interest in vegetarianism , she will provide books and resources about the subject. Brandon, however, is more apt to make known his food choice and occasionally gets into verbal scuffles with people on the topic. -by Richard Clough Some people choose to be vegans while others decide on an avo-facto diet which includes dairy products and eggs. Still others believe that a diet with very little meat and dairy is the morally correct response for them. Heres a story of one such person and the reason for that choice. 20 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Eating As a Citizen of the World I first encountered the Shakertown Pledge many years ago as part of a simple living group. Its first statement is, I declare myself a citizen of the world and that is followed with commitments to lead an ecologically sound life and work for the reshaping of institutions to create a more just global society. It struck a responsive chord with me and I adopted the pledge as my credo and it still influences my outlook these many years later. A morally responsible person must live with an awareness of how their behavior affects other people around the world . Some time after meeting up with the pledge, I learned an interesting fact about food production. It takes a lot of land to produce meat. 2.5 acres will produce enough beef for one person but that same 2.5 acres planted in wheat can support 15 people. Corn is even more efficient and 17 people can live off that same land area while 19 rice eaters are fed. Pork and chickens require considerably less land but still are less efficient food producers than grains and vegetables. I realized that if I was to be a global citizen and consume no more than my share, I had to drastically move away from a meat based diet and took steps to do so. In subsequent years, evidence kept rolling in that eating less meat is a good thing for each of us and our planet. At that time I decided to eat less meat, I was unaware of the role animal agriculture played in water usage. Not only do animals require lots of land, they also need huge quantities of water. The USGS estimates that between 4000 and 18,000 gallons of water are needed for a single hamburger! Consider the significance of that as you read about the water shortage crisis in the western U.S. Still later, I became aware of the impact that animal agriculture had on global warming. I use to attribute global warming solely to the burning of fossil fuels. I was only partially right. According CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 21 to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Livestock are responsible for 18 per cent of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming, more than cars, planes and all other forms of transport put together. If thats true, I realized, I could ride my bike instead of my car, install solar panels and heat the home with wood but if I then ate a steak, I would undo all the good I had accomplished. On top of all that, a plant based diet is a healthy diet. Consuming a high meat diet substantially increases your risk for heart disease, certain forms of cancer, diabetes and even doubles the risk of developing Alzheimers disease. My wife and I are not complete vegetarians but we have adopted a diet with very little meat. We eat no beef, pork no more than once a month and chicken and fish once a week. None of these are from factory farms. We strive to keep cheese and other dairy products to a minimum. The upshot is that we believe we are engaged in a form of good citizenship and, as a bonus, our health is excellent. -by Richard Clough Responding to the climate crisis, some have chosen to go vegan, while others to become ovafacto vegetarians. However, some people find the challenge of suddenly eliminating all meat from their diets to be overwhelming and beyond their reach. For these people, the Meatless Monday campaign offers a manageable alternative. Meatless Monday Sid Lerman is a former advertising executive whose previous claim to fame was developing the Dont Squeeze the Charmin campaign. In the year 2003, he gave us another reason to remember him. He learned that the FDA and the USDA both recommended that Americans cut back on their fat consumption by 15%. He calculated that three meals out of 21 is approximately 15% and the goal of less fat could be achieved by eliminating meat for one day of the week. Together with Johns Hopkins University, the Meatless Monday campaign was launched. Meatless Monday invites people to take a simple pledge: I pledge to go meatless on Monday. 22 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA While the initial motivation was health, support came from those who were concerned about animal welfare and those concerned with the Sustainable Choices. Healthier World.environment. The idea took off and today there are Meatless Monday initiatives in 36 countries around the world. In Ghana, Meatless Monday organizers present lectures and public presentations on meatless dishes. In Bhutan, its known at Jangsem Monday, a word associated with the Buddhist concept of enlightenment. Its even promoted on the national TV network. In Luxembourg, the local chapter took to the streets giving out fresh fruits and veggies along with vegetarian recipes. In Quebec, Meatless Monday recruited and promoted restaurants who agreed to offer meatless meals every Monday. In 2012, Los Angeles became the first US city to endorse Meatless Monday. Locally, Meatless Monday is promoted by Sustainable Indiana 2016. Support for Meatless Monday has from come many sources. Celebrity chef Mario Batali joined the movement. He said, In recent years Ive been more aware of how much my food choices impact our planet. I was introduced to the Meatless Monday campaign and realized eating a little less meat makes a big impact, both when it comes to losing weight, as well as relieving some of the tremendous burden on our environment. The Beatles Paul McCartney supports and promotes Meatless Monday. We are facing big environmental challenges today and we need big solutions. Going meat free one day a week will take us a long way. Opposition has come from two directions. Meat producers have predictably worked against Meatless Monday. A representative of the National Cattlemens Beef Association called it a sinister plot. But others are critical, saying once a week is too small a step. Wrote one such person: The issue I have with Meatless Monday is meat eaters then justify eating meat 6 of 7 days a week (sometimes intake increases as they feel the need to make up lost meals). Their attitude is, Im doing my part, so its okay. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 23 Most vegetarians agree, however, that Meatless Monday is a positive first step. It provides an opportunity for people to learn that going meatless is both easy and delicious. It also is an opportunity for education where people learn about the ecological and health benefits of a vegetarian diet. As one vegetarian stated: I started my journey doing Meatless Monday. It only took me two weeks though to realize there is no difference between Monday and Tuesday and the rest of the week. Why Am I Vegan? Seventeen years ago, I was born into a vegan family. I had been raised in an environment where we took into account the socioeconomic, health, and environmental impacts of our food choices. And for most of my life I was a vegan . When I was old enough to understand the idea of these consequences, my dad explained to me why he went vegan .What stood out to me was that with all the starving people and poverty around the world, there was a solution .We had the food to provide for them, but instead of using the grain and wheat we were harvesting to feed humans, we gave it to livestock. My dad could no longer support standard American dietary choices. I had the option to change my lifestyle when I was 13 years old, and I jumped on the chance to figure out what the hype was about cheese and milk. I switched from being vegan to vegetarian. I experimented with dairy products for about a year, discovering that, in reality, the practices that go into producing dairy and any animal products, were not something I wanted to be a part of. I discovered the harsh reality Iris that was hidden by slaughterhouse and factory farm walls: small containment, separation at birth, abuse, beatings, are just a few of the crazy events that occur at factory farms. Not only were the animals being deprived of their natural habitat and potential for a happy life, 24 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA the majority of animals were being injected with growth hormones and antibiotics that in turn entered our bodies. This is what made me decide that I could not be a part of this industry. I didnt want to support it, so I went back to being vegan and, this time, it was not because I was born into this lifestyle, it was because I was standing up for something I believed and taking a stand against factory farms and corporations supporting animal cruelty. Being vegan has empowered me to stand up for what I believe in and speak out when I see something wrong in society. It has provided me with a healthy lifestyle where I receive all nutrients and proteins necessary, and have been introduced into a community of like-minded people. Now, as a 17 year old girl applying to colleges and figuring out what I want to do with my life, and who I want to be in the future, I have found that finding out what goes on behind slaughterhouse walls was the turning point of my life. -by Iris ODonnell Bellisario CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 25 26 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA CHAPTER 3 Building the WayArchitecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.-Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe Indiana limestone helped create some of Americas most famous buildings including the Empire State Building, Grand Central Station, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Chicago Public Library. Its durability and beauty are part of Indianas architectural legacy around the nation. Quarried from the Salem Formation, Indianas limestone, aka Bedford limestone, is pure and consistent, composed of more than 97% calcite, making it a durable and beautiful building material. Limestone, however, is vulnerable to acidic rain and in limited supply. Quarrying can damage sensitive ecosystems. Limestone is also a critical ingredient in concrete, another common building material. From repurposing some of the old, to creating new green materials, construction projects all over Indiana are inspiring us to think about architecture and energy efficiency at every step. What of greener building materials themselves? Concrete has a tremendous carbon footprint, accounting for 5% of global emissions. The specific type of river sand used in manufacturing new concrete is also in dwindling supply. Indiana has a special solution to concrete, however, and its not only made here, its carbon-fixing! Indiana Statehouse CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 27 Industrial Hemp as CO2 Scrubbing Building Material To find Purdue Universitys crop research farm, located just south of the universitys West Lafayette location, you have to travel on roads through vast tracts of corn and soybeans. Often, corn is on one side of the road, soybeans on the other; you are in a sandwich of traditional monoculture. Is there another crop waiting in the wings, aching for its opportunity to join the big two? Industrial hemp is only in its infancy in Indiana, but already there are numerous positive indications of its impact, including the myriad of goods created from hemp: clothing, food, health products, biofuels, and building materials. Building materials? Thats right. In the summer of 2015, we took a tour of the Hemp Project that included presentations on economics, budgeting, weed management and cultivation, led by numerous Purdue scientists. Over 110 people attended, from farmers to hemp product merchants to sustainability enthusiasts. No one has been able to grow hemp legally in the United States since 1957. Recent Indiana legislation, led by legislation on a national level (Farm Bill of 2013), opens the door for research to explore the possibilities of industrial hemp production, which portends many benefits for Indianas farmers and overall economy. One of the most exciting presentations that day was by Brandon Pitcher, a well-known sustainability expert. He is Chief Sustainability Officer for the Indiana Hemp Industries Association and held a session focusing on a building material called hempcrete, comprised, as you might imagine, of hemp. Placing his hands on the hempcrete blocks, he told us that hempcrete replaces the existing building system: Its the brick, the insulation and the siding all rolled into one block. He called it a plug and play assembling process. Its like a LEGO building system. Put a little mortar in and youre good to go. 28 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA He called the environmental and ecological benefits of hempcrete tremendous, including the carbon sequestration potentiaL Pitcher directed me to an article he co-wrote, Hempcrete stating: A 2000 sq. ft. house constructed with these blocks will lock up over 5 tonnes of CO2. These blocks are not just net-zero they are carbon negative, absorbing even more CO2 as the walls age. Hempcrete will, according to Pitcher, sequester carbon for at least 100 years. But thats not all. When you mix this material with lime it creates a process called calcium carbonation which will result in limestone in about 100 years. This will be a stronger material for your great grandkids than it is today. Brandon mentioned he has a Hoosier client interested in developing what could be the first hempcrete building in the United States. He added, Hemp Circle Industries is actively seeking to develop projects with people looking to get in the hemp industry. Like everyone else that day, Pitcher emphasized that hemp is about job creation all along the supply chain, adding that he also believes hemp to be the most competitive plant species for sustainability. My hope would be, he told the workshop goers, that if we take sustainability seriously in this state, then this plant would be the number one most economically valuable plant, because of its impact on a myriad of systems; food production, energy generation, building materials, healthcare. One plant can solve so many problems, he mused. If you tell me this isnt economically viable, Ill tell you … you have no creativity. -by Jim Poyser Reprinted with permission from NUVO CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 29 Building construction is not just about the blocks we use to create buildings, but the plumbing, wiring, lighting, and heating or cooling of the spaces within the walls. Energy and water use can be conserved at every stage of construction or rehabilitation. Incorporating smart design and green spaces contributes to a lowered resource footprint, much like Eskenazi Hospital has done with their newest building. Eskenazi Hospital In 2009, Indianapolis voters approved a decision to replace the aging and inadequate Wishard Hospital with a new facility. Named for its benefactors, Sidney and Lois Eskenazi, construction began the following year. I took a tour of Eskenazi hospital with the intention of exploring the numerous eco-friendly amenities the hospital installed to become a greener business. Upon my entry I immediately noticed that this hospital is much more than the waterless urinals and paperless hand dryers I was told about. Eskenazi is more than just a hospital, its a cultural healing center. I visited with the intentions of checking out the ecologically friendly attributes the hospital has to offer and quickly found that no corners were cut to save money. Eskenazi is the first hospital in the US to be LEED certified at the silver level. LEED is an acronym for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and involves meeting difficult requirements for energy efficiency, using environmentally friendly building materials and creating a positive impact within the community, among other factors. In the construction of the hospital, special attention was paid to using local and recycled material. Seventy percent of the construction waste was thus diverted from the waste stream. The new design allows forty percent reduction in water usage. Water efficient appliances are utilized throughout the hospital. These amenities include low-flow faucets and showers, dual flush toilet handles and waterless urinals. Additionally, rainwater is collected from the roof and is used in toilets, thus saving potable water at no extra cost. The roof is painted with solar reflective white coating that reflects up to 90% of sunlight, as opposed to traditional black roofs which reflect only 20%. A roofs SRI is a measure of a surfaces ability to reflect solar heat. This is a simple and cheap way to save money and energy. In the hot months of the year, Eskenazi will actually spend less energy by trying to compensate for hot weather via air conditioning. My favorite part of the visit was by far the trip onto the sky farm. A sky farm is a system of raised planter boxes placed on the roof of a building. During the warm seasons the hospital is able to 30 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA grow a variety of fruits and vegetables to be used in meal preparation for patients. Eskenazi is not only saving money by doing this, but they can ensure that food they serve patients is Eskenazi kids at the sky garden. an organic and healthy alternative to heavily processed meals. In 2013, the first year the sky farm operated, the hospital was able to grow 3000 pounds of food for its patients. The sky farm at Eskenazi isnt only afunctional feature: any patient or visitor can go exploring there and wander the aisles of fruits, vegetables, and grasses. The sky farm is also the best place in the hospital to view the city of Indianapolis. You can see out of the sky farm 270 degrees. That view includes Lucas Oil Stadium, the Big Blue JW. Marriott, IUPUI Campus, and the remainder of the Indianapolis Skyline. I found myself not wanting to leave the sky farm, even in the dead of winter while no plants were growing. Beyond the building, Eskenazi wanted to reduce the energy required to travel to the site. There are 250 bicycle storage units to encourage pollution free transportation for employees. Public transportation to the hospital is extremely easy to access around Eskenazi. In fact, there are three bus stops near the hospital. To promote carpooling and energy efficient cars, the hospital has premium parking spaces for such vehicles. I applaud the Eskenazi staff on a number of things, but I think its necessary to recognize their use of art outside and inside the hospital. Just outside the front exterior entrance sits a beautiful glass building surrounded by an enormous metal sculpture. The metal structure is constructed so that vines are able to grow upward on the cables, encasing the glass building in a walls of green. There are also two water features in this same courtyard. The Eskenazi crew constructed a faux waterfall unlike any Ive ever seen. Instead of draining the source of water during the winter season, the rock formation is designed to expand and contract. This means if temperatures drop below a freezing 30°F, the fountain is not damaged when ice forms. More importantly, the waterfall naturally freezes into a display of ice that cascades down the front of the fall. On the opposite end of the courtyard a shallow wade pool rises up and sinks down naturally. Two poems are carved into the pavement on the rim of the pool. Depending on the level of the water and the time of day, you might see one poem exposed, and the other hidden underwater. Each poem has a message worth remembering. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 31 Within the building are variety of styles of art, ranging from preserved nature murals to an enormous, contemporary ladder sculpture that hangs in the main hallway of this hospital. The designers of the updated building paid special attention to bringing the outdoors inside. A courtyard was constructed so that trees may be placed within the walls of the building, but are still able to change, grow, and mature as seasons go by. Strategically placed beside this courtyard, yet another a glass room was specifically designed for people of diverse faiths to express their spirituality. Twice a day a different religious service is given, including, but not limited to, Christianity, Islam, Judaism , and general meditation. When I asked my tour guide the reason they went through so much effort to incorporate art, design and nature into every corner and crevice of the hospital, he explained to me that art has a healing power medicine cannot duplicate. If a patient must spend time there, they can utilize the numerous indoor and outdoor facilities the hospital offers to rest, think, and find peace. I was pleasantly surprised to find that the hospital administration had invited a popular Muslim folk band to perform in the lobby. The small group played numerous songs, both calm and exciting in nature. By far my favorite part of their performance was a man dressed in a long, white outfit. He danced elegantly in front of the crowd, showing off the white fabric that flowed nicely as he turned around and around. The patients who managed to see the performance were just as impressed and pleased as I was. By far the biggest compliment to Eskenazi Hospital that I can reiterate is the care and effort they put into everything they do. This is an environment where care ranks over cost. As a college student I look for progress in everything I do, and I feel that I can safely speak on the behalf of my generation that now is a time for positive change. Eskenazi is a perfect example of that positive change we need to see. -by Jimmy Lardin 32 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA The bank of trees has been cleared to make way for the usual big box store. It left a piece of sky wide open, nothing to buffer it, no tangle of oak and ash, naked or clothed, to break my line of vision as I gaze north. Those trees lie now in massive piles, bundled like a giants grip of kindling. This great gaping maw of sky hurts my eyes, makes me look away as trucks push the tangled mess of trees to another corner of this emptied landscape. -Mary Sexson CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 33 Indiana University LEEDs the Way As a leading Research 1 institution and a member of the Big Ten, Indiana Universitys student and faculty academic accomplishments are well-recognized. What may be less well-known, however, is IUs commitment to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified buildings, which it outlines in its Bicentennial Strategic Plan. In fact, the University boasts a total of 14 LEED certified buildings on three of its campuses-the most of any other Big Ten school. IU hopes to increase its green buildings to 20 by 2016. LEED is a method for classifying buildings based on the impact their construction and operation has on the environment. Points are awarded for conscientious design choices, including site selection to avoid ecologically sensitive areas, renewable energy production capacity, water efficiency, proximity to public transportation hubs, and construction material sustainability, among other criteria. There are four LEED categories (Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum) awarded based on the number of accumulated points. One of the challenges that IU faces is educating students and other members of its campus communities about the presence and benefits of LEED. Few IU courses include LEED certification in their curricula. Kelley School of Business Professor Gil Souzas Sustainable Operations class marks an exception. Professor Souza began teaching an iteration of the course several years ago to MBA graduate students. The experience was such a success that he later adapted the course for undergraduates. Taught every spring, the class engages LEED certification via a case study that requires students to answer questions and to conduct calculations associated with the case. In class, Professor Souza and his students discuss what LEED is, its different categories, and how 34 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA the building s engineers and designers earn points for each category. They also examine the c barriers to and opportunities afforded by the certification, and how sustainable design benefitsboth businesses and employees. Its quite interesting. They love it. They have to do a bit of research , so its quite comprehensive, and they get really familiar with how you gain points and, from a business perspective, how expensive it is. They get the picture that, with LEED ,the big thing is about the people who are in the building and how much better they feel, Professor Souza said. Former students said Professor Souzas class instruction and activities helped them think about sustainable design and the certification process in new ways. I think its really interesting, and what I like is the conversational part during class, stated junior Christine Faora, a Kelley sustainability major. Hell give us questions, and well come to a solution and what the company can actually did do. And I think thats what I like; its not like youre being lectured all class. In the spring of 2015, Souza taught in Hodge Hall prior to its renovation. Now with the buildings pending LEED Silver Certification, Souza remarked he will likely modify his future teaching to reflect the new surroundings. I think it makes a huge difference to have a LEED certified building, explained junior Marissa Buffo, a finance and supply chain major who took Souzas class. In the newer classrooms you can tell the lighting is more efficient, and I think it has a huge impact learning about it. Now my classes are both in west facing classrooms, so they get a lot better sunlight. Even with the blinds closed , it feels like a more collaborative and energetic learning space. Faoro echoed a similar claim . I think that it does help the learning experience and definitely I appreciate it. It shows youre making an effort, and it makes students feel better about where theyre going to school. I think its more of a subconscious thing .You don t think you re learning better because its LEED certified, even though its happening. This lack of conscious awareness resonates with Souza and his students. They claim the University could do more to explain and promote its LEED buildings. Some students suggested that IU publicize its LEED certifications more prominently on social media and on its homepage. Others expressed that, while this effort is important, without sufficient knowledge of LEED certification in the first place, the added publicity can only be so effective. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 35 I think the biggest problem isnt with the University itself as far as communication but with public knowledge. If you ask anyone off the street, theyre not going to know what LEED is or how it relates to being green, junior Davis Steinbrecher, a double major studying finance and international and sustainable business, asserted. Because LEED is such a huge accomplishment, it would be great for the University to communicate why that is an accomplishment. -by Kathleen DeBrota and Kathleen de Onís What of incorporating green spaces into our architecture like Eskenazi has done? More buildings around Indiana are choosing to go green, literally, when they can. Green roofs are one significant way to lower the carbon footprint of a building, and in Evansville, the Oaklyn Library has done. Oaklyn Library, Evansville Hot evening sun spilled over a riot of wildflowers, insects droned and flocks of goldfinches nibbled on patches of seeding bee balm as librarian Pam Locker and Dr. Chris Hochwender of the University of Evansville walked the paths of the native prairie reconstruction at Oaklyn Branch Library on Oak Hill Road. Hochwender, who specializes in plant-herbivore interactions and teaches Environmental Science, Evolution and Ecology, and Ecology at the University of Evansville, was there to help identify native and invasive plants in the meadow. Master gardener Locker was taking note of species and varieties new to her. The meadow was built as an adjunct to the library buildings green roof, a portion of the building actually covered with a carefully managed layer of soil and grass. We had the land for the new library, and there were two possibilities of how to build because of the slope, said Locker. Either put the building at the bottom of the hill, or put it into the side and have the green roof. Locker said the building was designed by architect Bill Brown, who is now director of sustainability at Indiana University. 36 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA of the building, so there Oaklyn Library is less maintenance. Along with the green roof, they decided to do a native prairie reconstruction around it. It was an ambitious effort, but it has succeeded.The library opened in 2003, but the meadow didnt take off right away, Locker said. Its really hard to start a native meadow because there are so many weed seeds in the soil, she said . They hired Eco Logic from Bloomington to come look at it, and they used Roundup to basically kill everything, and then used a special seed drill to plant the native seeds. Its been going well for eight years now, and each year we get more of the good things, and they take over and outweigh the bad things. ... Its a process of keeping after the bad things until they are all gone. The caretakers of the meadow are constantly removing invasive plants such as thistle, ragweed, hairy vetch, various vines such as morning glory, Johnson grass, white sweet clover, yellow sweet clover, Queen Annes lace and volunteer trees, especially cottonwood .These might be pretty, but are not native to North America and will take over the habitat meant for indigenous plants. The meadow is weeded in spring, early summer, and fall. We did a total of probably 40 hours worth of weeding earlier this year, Locker said. The red clover isnt something we want, and we had to pull out sweet peas, and lots of crown vetch . Thats bad because once it gets in it produces so many seeds. Queen Annes lace can get very invasive, too. If you can at least get the seed heads off the invasives before they spread, its better than nothing. Most of the desirable native plants in the meadow fit into afew families, Hochweder said. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 37 Theres the mint family, the pea family, the aster family and the grasses. Members of these families not indigenous to North America can be invasives as well, of course, and its important to be able to identity which are which. Hochwender said that in the wild, prairie settings do not get mowed, of course, and dead growth falls over and forms a layer under the new green growth. Every few years, lightning starts afire ,and this dry, old growth burns quickly. This is how prairies are cleared and renewed . Because burns wouldnt be prudent at Oaklyn, the meadow is mowed once a year, in November, to keep trees from taking over. The meadow of course changes so much with the seasons, said Locker. Visitors are welcome to come inside the building to pick up a brochure, as well as to walk the mown paths. In the meadow in spring you ll find hairy mountain wood mint, beards tongue , purple prairie clover, butterfly weed, baptisia (wild indigo) and swamp milkweed among others; early summer hosts milkweed and bee balm ; and in the fall various native goldenrods, New England aster and dogbane abound. The Oaklyn green roof won a Green Roofs for Healthy Cities North American Green Roofs of Excellence Award in 2004. It has been given accolades in two books about green roofs: Award Winning Green Roof Designs, by Steven Peck, and The Professional Guide to Green Roofs, by Karla Dakin, Lisa Lee Benjamin. -by Aimee Blume Reprinted with permission from the Evansville Courier and Press 38 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Another way to incorporate green spaces into our towns is by creating rain gardens. Rain gardens not only retain water and prevent excess runoff, but help manage water quality. The City of Fort Wayne has introduced one example of this beneficial garden. Fort Wayne Rain Garden Program In 2005, Fort Wayne City Utilities began to look for ideas to educate students and the community about the benefits of rain gardens for the environment. A rain garden is a landscaped area which can range from 80 to 300 square feet, in which native plants are used to hold and filter, rainwater runoff and let it sink into the ground. Native plants clean the water by removing excess nitrogen and phosphorus. Using native plants provide benefits such as food sources for butterflies, birds, and pollinators. These plants are able to tolerate hot, dry summers and cold , wet winters. City officials had to overcome some barriers if they were going to establish a Rain Garden Program in Fort Wayne. The budget was somewhat small, however by investing it judiciously into the community, about 150 rain gardens were developed. Another dilemma was changing the perception of rain gardens from what people considered to be weed patches. Educational workshops were offered to the public. Train the Teacher workshops and an educational curriculum encouraged schools to educate students about how rain gardens improve water quality, reduce mosquitoes, are inexpensive, and may require less maintenance than traditional landscaping. Lastly, they needed to find a way to help internal engineers get into rain gardening and communicate with the public about creating greener infrastructure. The city collaborated with others to host conferences and workshops that have attracted and inspired people locally, regionally and even nationally. Some of the allies that have helped make this project possible include Master Gardeners volunteers, landscape and garden centers, Fort Wayne Community Schools, and Science Central. The City of Fort Wayne wants to be a model for future rain gardens in other cities. Rain Gardens help build a sense of community and ownership as people help the environment by reducing the pollutants in the water. -by Anna Papaik and Zaphielle Whited CELE BRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 39 Some buildings are setting a very high bar for new construction, by taking energy efficiency and water use to the next level, as well as protecting the surrounding land. COPE Environmental Centers new Sustainable Education Center in Wayne County is doing just that. The Cope Environmental Center Located between Richmond and Centerville in western Indiana, the Cope Environmental Center was formed in 1992 to promote the sustainable use of the earths resources through education, demonstration and research. The Center hosts school visits, has numerous summer camps and a wide array of educational programs. Its currently in the process of a erecting a building that will be a model of sustainability. The Cope Environmental Center (CEC) is in the pre-construction stage of a 6000 square foot new sustainable environmental education center expected to be completed next year, according to Alison Zajdel, Executive Director. This building will be a keystone project for Indianas bicentennial celebrations. Working with LWC, an architectural firm from Dayton, LWC, the plan is to have the first Indiana net-zero-energy building registered with the Living Building Challenge (LBC). This certification has the most rigorous green building standards in the world, even more rigorous than LEED. At this time, there are only five building in the US with the Living Building certification and CEC hopes to be the sixth. The LBC certification requires that the most advanced measures of sustainability be employed and is composed of seven performance areas or Petals of Site, Water, Energy, Health, Materials, Equity and Beauty. These Petals collectively comprise 20 imperatives. For example, to be a net zero energy facility the building must demonstrate that energy is harnessed only from on-site renewables such as wind, solar, or earth to meet all of the heating, cooling and electrical needs. Many facilities strive to attain net-zero-energy, but the true performance of their buildings may be overstated .True net energy buildings are rare. In addition, LBC certification requires all water to be sourced on site (wells or rainwater capture) and waste water to be treated on site. There are also limits to sprawling development and expectations of inclusion of Beauty, Spirit and Inspiration + Education to insure that the renewable energy system is incorporated into an attractive and inspiring building. The building must be occupied for one year with zero net energy and meet the other criteria to obtain the certification. [See the LBC website for certification criteria: living-future.org/ibc.] 40 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA This public/private partnership between CEC, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Whitewater Valley Land Trust and Indiana Nature Conservancy is a keystone project of Cope Environmental Center, Rendering LWC Inc. Indianas Bicentennial Celebration. Funds from the Bicentennial Nature Trust will be used to purchase and manage new lands adjacent to the center for use in environmental education. This will form part of a corridor of contiguous, protected land extending south through the CEC to the Brookville Reservoir and Whitewater Memorial State Park. The building will include a dedicated classroom for hands-on learning, plus a large multipurpose room will host many functions and permit accommodation of large groups of visiting school children since the room can be subdivided into 3 areas holding 50 people each. The new LCB-certified building is expected to serve as the trailhead for Indianas Bicentennial Legacy Conservation Area for thousands of students and visitors to learn about conservation and sustainability. Currently, in addition to hundreds of other visitors, all students in the 2nd grade in the Richmond area are required to participate in an environmental education unit at the CEC. The centers goal is to reach 50% of elementary children in Wayne County. The LCBcertified construction will not only host bicentennial activities but will be important in extending Indianas sustainability footprint to additional educational facilities within the state. -by Carolyn Vann By far the best way to lower the environmental impact of construction, is not to build at all! Rehabilitating and repurposing existing structures have become the smart way to go in many towns across Indiana. Sometimes it saves money while also saving struggling downtowns, making it an attractive option for towns on a tight budget who are also trying to preserve a piece of their history. In their downtown, the City of Goshen has brought new life to old buildings. CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 41 Revitalizing Downtown Goshen Goshen, Indiana is a city of just over 30,000 located a few miles from the Michigan border. In many ways, its atypical small city. But unlike most small cities, Goshens downtown is thriving. Retail stores and restaurants abound and frequent entertainment events bring out large crowds. How did they do it? In the year 2007, several business, civic and government groups got together and created Downtown Goshen Inc. Downtown Goshen, Indiana (DGI). That group went to work initially with two major projects. They instituted First Fridays, in which entertainment events combined with retail and restaurant special deals to bring people downtown once a month. It was a great success and soon more than 4,000 people were participating. Their second initiative was the Facade Program. Matching grants were offered to downtown businesses for signage and storefront improvements. Nearly half of the merchants took advantage of these grants. The result was that the area became a vibrant and appealing place to visit with attractive shops lining Main St. The centerpiece of downtown is the Goshen Theater, an 80-year old building that was recently remodeled with more improvements being planned. It currently offers a variety of events and its backers hope to make it a regional hub for arts and entertainment. In 2013, Goshen became one of ten pilot-program cities participating in the American Planning Associations Sustaining Places Initiative. This program is geared towards community sustainability and has required the City of Goshen to plan for a variety of areas of municipal life, including land use, local food, housing, economic development, civic facilities, and transportation. Theyve introduced permeable pavers, rain gardens, and restored their old Mill House to provide a little hydroelectric power. Several trails encourage bicycling and walking. 42 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA Drive down the main street of many small city centers and you ll find boarded up stores, empty buildings and few people. Goshen shows that it doesnt have to be this way. Goshen Annex Goshen Family Fuels Downtown Restoration When they renovated their first building in 1985, Dave Pottinger and his wife, Faye PetersonPottinger, never imagined downtown Goshen would look the way it does now. It was an evolution, Peterson-Pottinger said while sitting at The Electric Brew on Saturday, Sept. 27. The business is housed in one of the buildings they helped restore. Peterson-Pottinger said she and her husband renovated some of the downtown buildings as the opportunities came up. Eventually their daughter, Maija Stutsman, and their son-in-law, Jeremy Stutsman, joined them, and their restoration projects became a family affair. There was a point where we all wouldve moved. When we all would have left Goshen, Maija Stutsman said . Because it was getting to the point where there was nothing that could tie us here. There wasnt real community involvement for us. Almost three decades have passed since the Pottingers started renovating buildings, and the four family members now work with about 50 businesses in the downtown area. The family was nominated to receive the 2014 Larry A. Conrad Civic Service Award from the Indiana Association of Cities and Towns and was announced as the winner Sept. 10. The Larry A. Conrad Civic Service Award honors the contributions made by private citizens, companies or civic organizations to the local government. In a news release sent out by the Indiana Association of Cities and Towns, the organization noted the contributions made by the family. Aside from working on the preservation of historic buildings, the family has collaborated with CELEBRATING HOOSIER SOLUTIONS I 43 the city to add streetscape features and participated in the citys downtown business improvement district board and city council, according to the news release. Pottinger and his wife ultimately became the catalysts in the restoration of downtown when other developers and businesses started looking at their work, Goshen Mayor Allan Kauffman said. Kauffman nominated the family. There arent very many people like Dave Pottinger who come along and are willing to take on the challenges that he took on, and I dont think he wouldve taken them on in Goshen if he hadnt seen that there was some progress already made, he said. Goshen had joined the Main Street Program, which helps guide communities with the restoration of their downtown areas, Kauffman said. Pottinger moved to Goshen from Detroit in 1977, and Peterson-Pottinger moved in 1978 from Colonial Williamsburg, Va. Pottinger already had some experience renovating historical buildings when he and his wife began their work in 1985. Thats when they renovated the building at 1122 S. Main St. to start a business -a restaurant called South Side Soda Shop , which they eventually sold to their daughter and son-in-law, Charity and Nick Boyd. For the past 14 years, the Pottingers have moved their projects up a few blocks and have been working on the restoration of the downtown area, Jeremy Stutsman said. Both Pottinger and Peterson-Pottinger had a love for the arts and historical buildings. But they both went into the business of restoration knowing that downtown Goshen was sliding toward darkness, Pottinger said. The vibrant Main Street one finds now in the downtown area was once full of vacant buildings. Many of them were boarded up a couple decades ago, including The Famous building that now houses The Gift of G.A.B or the Rexall Drugs building, which is now Kelly Jaes Cafe. They got the idea to build the Goshen Clay Artists Guild when Maija Stutsman took a pottery class in high school and her teacher started talking about having a space for clay artists in Goshen in the late 1990s. Shortly after the guild was built behind Maple City Market, 314 S. Main St. ,the city called Pottinger and asked if he was interested in purchasing an old lumber yard along W. Washington Street. That vacant lot became the Millrace Center Farmers Market around the year 2000, Pottinger said. The Clay Artists Guild was later moved to the building behind the farmers market in 2004. 44 I SUSTAINABLE INDIANA That was around the time Jeremy Stutsman started working with the family. Soon after, the Stutsmans were acquiring their own properties and restoring them.So all the opportunities came together. (The Stutsmans) age and interest in wanting to join us, our interest in historic buildings, the town sliding down, people wanting to sell their buildings and nobody was restoring them , Pottinger said. Because thats atricky different business. There arent many people who do what we do. When we bought the Millrace Center everyone said, Bulldoze, get rid of it. It was an old lumber yard falling apart. So it takes a special interest. You could say Pottinger is a hands-on kind of man. If you walk up the second floor of the municipal annex building in downtown Goshen, which is mostly unoccupied, you will find a detailed model of the citys downtown, which Pottinger built himself.Where other people make canvases or design them on acomputer, he builds them by hand, Kauffman said. Each one of Pottingers projects is a balance of revamping the structure and conserving the aesthetic aspects, something Kauffman calls authentic urbanism. For some of these buildings, theyve preserved some of the historical artifacts (such as) signs and different architectural elements of the buildings, said Mark Brinson, director of community development. In some cases theyve had to rebuild the |
|---|---|
| Origin: | 2016 |
| Created By: |
Sanders, Scott R. (Scott Russell), 1945- ; Sustainable Indiana 2016; Earth Charter Indiana |
| Source: |
http://mdon.library.pfw.edu/cdm/ref/collection/cc_fw_agi/id/54825 |
| Collection: |
Fort Wayne Area Government Information |
| Copyright: |
Copyright Sustainable Indiana 2016, a project of Earth Charter Indiana, 2016. Used with permission. |
| Subjects: |
Environmental responsibility--Indiana Sustainable development--Indiana Environmental responsibility Sustainable development |
Further information on this record can be found at its source.
This project is made possible by a grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the Indiana State Library.